Construction and Interfacial Modification of a β-PbSnF₄ Electrolyte with High Intrinsic Ionic Conductivity for a Room-Temperature Fluoride-Ion Battery

Abstract

Solid-state fluoride-ion batteries (FIBs) attract significant attention worldwide because of their high theoretical volume, energy density, and high safety. However, the large interfacial resistance caused by the point−point contact between the electrolyte and the electrode seriously impedes their further development. Using liquid-phase therapy to construct a conformal interface is a good choice to eliminate the influence of inadequate contact between the electrode and the electrolyte. In this study, a β-PbSnF 4 solid-state electrolyte with high room-temperature ionic conductivity is prepared, and a trace amount of the liquid electrolyte (LE) between the electrode and the electrolyte is introduced in order to minimize the interfacial resistance and enhance the cycle life. The Allen-Hickling simulations show that the introduction of an interfacial wetting agent (LE) can significantly reduce the energy barrier of charge transfer and mass transfer processes at the interface and reciprocate FIBs an enhanced interfacial reaction kinetics. As a result, the initial discharge capacity of the fabricated FIBs is 210.5 mAh g −1 and the capacity retention rate is 82.6% after 50 cycles at room temperature, while the initial discharge capacity of the unmodified battery is only 170.9 mAh g −1 and the capacity retention rate is 22.1% after 50 cycles. Therefore, interfacial modification with a trace amount of LE provides a significant exploration for the improvement of FIB performances.

MoO2/t-C3N4 Heterogeneous Materials with Bidirectional Catalysis for the Rapid Conversion of S Species in Li–S Batteries

“…The reduction process peaks correspond to the reduction of Li 2 S 6 on the working electrode and the oxidation of Li 2 S 6 to S 8 on the counter electrode. Conversely, the oxidation peak is associated with the oxidization of Li 2 S on the working electrode and the reduction of S 8 on the counter electrode . Symmetric cells in LSBs exhibit a pair of redox peaks, indicating the transformation of polysulfides from solid to liquid state and then back to the solid state.…”

“…Two binding energy peaks appear in the XPS spectrum of the O 1s orbital (Figure d), representing two chemical bonds, namely, O–Mo (529.49 eV) and C–O–Mo (531.8 eV). The formation of the C–O–Mo chemical bond demonstrates the successful preparation of the heterostructure, which is important for accelerating the reaction kinetics of the LiPSs conversion. , Two different peaks at 284.8 and 287.7 eV, caused by to C–O–Mo and N–C=N, are visible in the XPS spectra of the C 1s orbital (Figure e). ,, This again demonstrates the formation of heterogeneous structures and the successful preparation of carbon nitride.…”

Regulating Conductive Copolymerization Networks in the Polymer Electrolyte for High-Performance Quasi-Solid-State Lithium–Metal Batteries

“…The lithium-ion transference number ( t Li+ ) is another important factor that impacts ionic conductivity and is applied to assess the decoupling effect and polarization of LMBs . Electrolytes with high t Li+ values can reduce concentration polarization and promote uniform lithium deposition, thus improving battery performance.…”

“…Solution radical polymerization was adopted and divided into two stages. Initially, the single ion conductor PAMPSLi was produced as the polyanionic lithium salt for the electrolyte by neutralization reaction and selfpolymerization in which −SO 3 Li was anchored on the PVDF-HFP polymer skeleton. Subsequently, the different proportions of P(PEGMEMA-co-AMPSLi) block copolymers were prepared by radical copolymerization with the AIBN initiator.…”

“…The lithium-ion transference number (t Li+ ) is another important factor that impacts ionic conductivity and is applied to assess the decoupling effect and polarization of LMBs. 3 Electrolytes with high t Li+ values can reduce concentration polarization and promote uniform lithium deposition, thus improving battery performance. Figure 4g−i illustrates the chronoamperometry profiles of the symmetrical Li|PPAx|Li batteries under a polarization voltage of 10 mV, and their Nyquist graphs before and after polarization at 25 °C.…”