Construction and Functionalization of Heteroarenes by Use of Photoredox Catalysis

Abstract

Abstract:The functionalization and the construction of heteroarenes with the aid of visible-light photoredox catalysis have been investigated by a number of research groups. In this review, two different approaches are reported. In the first part, substitution of different heteroaryl derivatives is presented according to four classes of reactions: alkylation, perfluoroalkyl-

The photochemical alkylation and reduction of heteroarenes

“…Transition-metal photocatalysts and organic dyes have granted chemists access to ever increasing alternatives to classical radical chemistry transformations as well as unconventional reactivity in the discovery of new organic transformations. 1 Implementation of photochemical processes is preferential to the classical, thermal methods of radical generation, as they often eliminate the need for radical initiators, stoichiometric additives and harsh reaction conditions.…”

Functionalization of C(sp2)–H Bonds of Arenes and Heteroarenes Assisted by Photoredox Catalysts for the C–C Bond Formation

“…Since the pioneer works by Gafney and Adamson, who showed that singleelectron-transfer (SET) event can be initiated by the triplet charge-transfer excited state of [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ , [16] the application of polypyridine-metal complexes with metal-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) properties in catalysis has become a useful alternative approach to create new C-C bonds, [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] and more recently to functionalize C-H bonds. [27][28][29][30] The first photoredox functionalization of C(sp 2 )-H bond was reported in 1984 by Deronzier with the [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ -assisted the cyclization of stilbenediazonium salts. [31] Photoredox catalysts (PC n ), such as tris (2,2′-bipyridine) ruthenium (II) [Ru(bpy) 3…”

Advances in the Synthesis of Imine‐Containing Azaarene Derivatives via Photoredox Catalysis

“…To date, many groups, especially MacMillan and Molander, have made a number of elegant contributions, and thus this method has become a powerful tool in the synthesis of azaarene derivatives. [14] In view of distinct characteristics of these strategies and the corresponding published reviews, [10,12,14,15] to elucidate strategies for exploiting the electron-withdrawing abilities of azaarenes stemming from the structurally embedded C=N bonds in photoredox catalysis, in this review, we will discuss the advances in the synthesis of azaarene derivatives via Strategy B and Strategy D from their respective first examples to April 2020.…”

“…In view of distinct characteristics of these strategies and the corresponding published reviews, to elucidate strategies for exploiting the electron‐withdrawing abilities of azaarenes stemming from the structurally embedded C=N bonds in photoredox catalysis, in this review, we will discuss the advances in the synthesis of azaarene derivatives via Strategy B and Strategy D from their respective first examples to April 2020.…”