Construction and Evaluation of Hemoglobin‐Based Capsules as Blood Substitutes

Abstract

Hemoglobin‐based capsules for use as blood substitutes are successfully fabricated by covalent layer‐by‐layer assembly. Dialdehyde heparin (DHP) is used both as one of the wall components and a cross‐linker without employing other extraneous or toxic crosslinking agents. The biocompatibility of (Hb/DHP)6 microcapsules is evaluated through the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay and cell experiments. The hemocompatibility of (Hb/DHP)6 microcapsules is characterized in terms of prothrombin time, thrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and hemolysis rate. The oxygen‐carrying capacity of the microcapsules is demonstrated by converting the deoxy‐Hb state of the microcapsules into the oxy‐Hb state. All these results demonstrate that the hemoglobin‐based microcapsules exhibit oxygen‐carrying capacity as well as biocompatibility and hemocompatility, indicating that the as‐prepared capsules have great potential to function as blood substitutes.

Bio‐inspired nanomedicine strategies for artificial blood components

“…110,111 In another interesting nanotechnology approach, MnCO 3 nanoparticles were used as templates to deposit layer-by-layer (L-B-L) assemblies of Hb and dialdehyde heparin (DHP), followed by crosslinking to stabilize the layers and selective dissolution of the template core. 112 A similar approach was also used to form L-B-L coated nanotubes where alternate layers of Hb, DHP and the enzyme catalase (CAT) were deposited, to create systems for potential application in treating oxidative stress. 113 These complex nanoscale structures have been characterized in vitro for their morphology, stability, cytotoxicity and in some cases biofunctionality, but no pre-clinical evaluation for oxygen carrying efficacy in vivo, has been reported yet.…”

Fluorescence switching method for cascade detection of salicylaldehyde and zinc(II) ion using protein protected gold nanoclusters

“…The surface of BSA protected gold nanoclusters is abundant with amino groups. When SA is introduced into the BSA-AuNC suspension, the aldehyde groups of SA can rapidly react with amino groups on BSA-AuNCs and result in the production of imine groups (-C ¼N-) under mild room temperature and aqueous solution, that is the Schiff base reaction to form SA-BSA-AuNC complex (Jia et al, 2012). Schiff base has a weak characteristic peak at about 500 nm (Wu et al, 2007) and the fluorescence intensity depends on the concentration of SA.…”

Assembly of CdTe Quantum Dots and Photosystem II Multilayer Films with Enhanced Photocurrent

“…To avoid the toxicity and make effective use of QDs, CdTe QDs were first immobilized onto ITO substrates through the LbL assembly technique, which has been well developed by our group. [32,33] CdTe QDs are negatively charged due to the carboxyl of capping agent MPA. Therefore, positively charged PAH was chosen to electrostatically interact with QDs to fabricate multilayered films.…”