Construction and analysis of three networks of genes and microRNAs in adenocarcinoma

Abstract

Abstract. Adenocarcinoma is one of the most serious diseases that threaten human health. Numerous studies have investigated adenocarcinoma and have obtained a considerable amount of data regarding genes and microRNA (miRNA) in adenocarcinoma. However, studies have only focused on one or a small number of genes and miRNAs, and the data is stored in a scattered form, making it challenging to summarize and assess the associations between the genes and miRNAs. In the present study, three networks of genes and miRNAs in adenocarcinoma were focused on. This enabled the construction of networks of elements involved in adenocarcinoma and the analysis of these networks, rather than only discussing one gene. Transcription factors (TFs), miRNAs, and target and host genes of miRNAs in adenocarcinoma, and the regulatory associations between these elements were identified in the present study. These elements and associations were then used to construct three networks, which consisted of the differentially-expressed, associated and global networks. The similarities and differences between the three networks were compared and analyzed. In total, 3 notable TFs, consisting of TP53, phosphatase and tensin homolog and SMAD4, were identified in adenocarcinoma. These TFs were able to regulate the differentially-expressed genes and the majority of the differentially-expressed miRNAs. Certain important regulatory associations were also found in adenocarcinoma, in addition to self-regulating associations between TFs and miRNAs. The upstream and downstream elements of the differentially-expressed genes and miRNAs were recorded, which revealed the regulatory associations between genes and miRNAs. The present study clearly revealed components of the pathogenesis of adenocarcinoma and the regulatory associations between the elements in adenocarcinoma. The present study may aid the investigation of gene therapy in adenocarcinoma and provides a theoretical basis for studies of gene therapy methods as a treatment for adenocarcinoma.

Regulatory mechanisms of microRNA expression

“…Using the same approach for the identification of transcription factors, miRNAs, and target and host genes of miRNAs in adenocarcinoma, the regulatory associations between these elements were revealed [ 39 ]. It was found that TP53 directly regulates 9 miRNAs, consisting of hsa-miR-29b-1, hsa-miR-192, hsa-miR-194, hsa-miR-200a, hsa-miR-34a, has-miR-34b, hsa-miR-34c, hsa-miR-145 and hsa-miR-143.…”

Advances in Bone‐targeted Drug Delivery Systems for Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Osteosarcoma

“…This low cure rate prompted intensive study of possible means of treating osteosarcoma. With progress in molecular biology, treatments for osteosarcoma initially developed from simple surgical excision to individualized limb‐salvage surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy and now include immunotherapy, gene therapy, and targeted therapy. Limb‐salvage surgery is currently applicable for stage IIB osteosarcomas, osteosarcomas in children and pathological fracture associated with osteosarcoma; the its indications for it continue to expand.…”

Combination of electroporation delivered metabolic modulators with low-dose chemotherapy in osteosarcoma

“…The overall survival rates in OS patients have not improved despite recent developments and advances in treatment strategies, prompting rigorous study of possible means of treating OS. Treatments for OS now include gene, targeted, and immunotherapy with progress in molecular biology [ 3 – 5 ].…”