Constructing Zn-based MOF-MXene nanoarchitectures to stabilize ultrafine Pt nanocrystals with enhanced methanol oxidation performance

Interconnected Pd Nanowire Networks Stereoassembled on Biomass-Derived Porous Carbon Skeletons as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Efficient Methanol and Formic Acid Oxidation

“…17−21 However, metal Pt is unable to meet the demands of large-scale usage due to its natural scarcity as well as poor antitoxic ability toward intermediate species (mainly CO). 22,23 Therefore, tremendous efforts have been made to the design and use of non-Pt catalysts with greater natural abundance and stronger poison tolerance. 24,25 As a Pt group metal, palladium (Pd) has gained considerable attention due to its higher natural abundance level in the earth's crust.…”

“…Currently, the most widely used anode catalysts for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR) are platinum (Pt) and Pt-derived materials. − However, metal Pt is unable to meet the demands of large-scale usage due to its natural scarcity as well as poor antitoxic ability toward intermediate species (mainly CO). , Therefore, tremendous efforts have been made to the design and use of non-Pt catalysts with greater natural abundance and stronger poison tolerance. , As a Pt group metal, palladium (Pd) has gained considerable attention due to its higher natural abundance level in the earth’s crust. − Although Pd is commonly inactive for methanol electrooxidation in acid media, it shows comparable electrocatalytic MOR activity to Pt in alkaline electrolytes. , Meanwhile, Pd has also been recognized as efficient anode catalyst toward the FAOR owing to its low oxidation overpotential . Moreover, Pd-based catalysts have a higher resistance to CO species relative to Pt, which are more likely to offer sustainable catalytic activity. − Despite this, the traditional zero-dimensional (0D) Pd nanoparticle catalysts usually undergo agglomeration, migration, and Ostwald ripening due to their large surface energy in the MOR and FAOR processes, easily rendering an unsatisfied long-term stability. , In comparison with 0D Pd particles, one-dimensional (1D) Pd nanowires commonly have distinctive structural merits, such as large aspect ratio, excellent flexibility, smooth crystalline planes, and plentiful high-coordination Pd atoms. , In addition, the coupling of Pd nanowires with carbon matrix is able to provide a larger interfacial area because of the “line-to-face” contact model .…”