“…Inspired by the natural photosynthesis process, photocatalysis has currently emerged as a promising green approach for the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy ( Gao et al, 2017 ). Due to its high efficiency, feasibility, low energy consumption, and eco-friendly feature, semiconductor-induced photocatalysis has been successfully harnessed in diverse applications including energy storage and conversion ( Wei et al, 2021 ; Han et al, 2022 ; Qin et al, 2022 ), CO 2 reduction ( Li et al, 2020 ; Xiong et al, 2020 ), organic synthesis ( Zhang et al, 2019b ; Xiong and Tang, 2021 ), Cr(VI) reduction ( Yi et al, 2019 ; Zhang et al, 2020 ) and water treatment ( Zeng et al, 2018 ; Feng et al, 2022 ; Shi et al, 2022 ). Up to present, several semiconductor photocatalysts have been intensively studied such as metal oxides [TiO 2 , ZnO, Fe 2 O 3 ( Ba-Abbad et al, 2013 ; Franking et al, 2013 ; Kreft et al, 2020 )], metal sulphides [MoS 2 , CdS, In 2 S 4 ( Ning et al, 2019 ; Liang et al, 2021 ; Pan et al, 2021 )], and organic semiconductors [(g-C 3 N 4 , perylene diimide, covalent organic framework ( Zhou et al, 2018 ; Sivula, 2020 ; Zhou et al, 2021 )].…”