Constructing bulk defective perovskite SrTiO<sub>3</sub>nanocubes for high performance photocatalysts

Zhang, Guoqiang; Jiang, Wenshuai; Hua, Shixin; Zhao, Haifeng; Zhang, Ligong; Sun, Zaicheng

doi:10.1039/c6nr04859e

Cited by 84 publications

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References 52 publications

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“…Structural analysis of the samples performed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy is shown in Figure . The main diffraction lines of all samples (Figure a), independently of the Mg content, can be assigned to cubic SrTiO 3 with orientations of (110), (111), (200), (211), and (220) located at 2 θ of 32.58°, 40.1°, 46.61°, 57.9°, and 67.95°, respectively . The XRD pattern of Sr 1.25 Mg 0.3 TiO x indicates that a phase‐pure cubic SrTiO 3 ‐like material was obtained.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting by Controlled Magnesium Incorporation in SrTiO₃ Photocatalysts

et al. 2017

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SrTiO3 is a well‐known photocatalyst inducing overall water splitting when exposed to UV irradiation of wavelengths <370 nm. However, the apparent quantum efficiency of SrTiO3 is typically low, even when functionalized with nanoparticles of Pt or Ni@NiO. Here, we introduce a simple solid‐state preparation method to control the incorporation of magnesium into the perovskite structure of SrTiO3. After deposition of Pt or Ni@NiO, the photocatalytic water‐splitting efficiency of the Mg:SrTiOx composites is up to 20 times higher compared to SrTiO3 containing similar catalytic nanoparticles, and an apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 10 % can be obtained in the wavelength range of 300–400 nm. Detailed characterization of the Mg:SrTiOx composites revealed that Mg is likely substituting the tetravalent Ti ion, leading to a favorable surface–space–charge layer. This originates from tuning of the donor density in the cubic SrTiO3 structure by Mg incorporation and enables high oxygen‐evolution rates. Nevertheless, interfacing with an appropriate hydrogen evolution catalyst is mandatory and non‐trivial to obtain high‐performance in water splitting.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting by Controlled Magnesium Incorporation in SrTiO₃ Photocatalysts

et al. 2017

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“…Surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) is ap owerful tool that was used to further characterize charge separation at the nanoscale. [14,20] Spectraw ere recorded on powder samples sandwiched between an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode anda Cu substrate. The surface photovoltage (SPV) response of ZCS and S-treated ZCS are shown in Figure3a.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sun et al. found that defective SrTiO 3 can increase the charge separation efficiency by five times compared with common SrTiO 3 . Typically, the defect energy level is located below the CB and/or above the valance band (VB) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[13] Sun et al found that defective SrTiO 3 can increase the charge separation efficiency by five times compared with common SrTiO 3 . [14] Typically,t he defecte nergy level is located below the CB and/ora bove the valance band (VB). [15] This defect energy level can act as at rapt oc apturep hotogenerated charges and thus prevent the recombination of charge carriers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Construction of Defective Zinc–Cadmium–Sulfur Nanorods for Visible‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution Without the Use of Sacrificial Agents or Cocatalysts

et al. 2020

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Solar‐driven H2 evolution is an essential process for sustainable energy development. Currently, the greatest challenge is the development of efficient photocatalysts to drive this reaction, especially in pure water systems (without the use of a sacrificial agent). In this study, structural defects in Zn–Cd–S nanorod photocatalysts are found to increase charge separation efficiency significantly by sevenfold. Efficient H2 evolution (352.7 μmol h−1 g−1, 100 mg of catalyst) is achieved by using this defective Zn–Cd–S nanorod photocatalyst in the absence of sacrificial agents and precious metal cocatalysts under visible‐light irradiation. Thus, this cocatalyst‐ and sacrificial‐agent‐free, visible‐light‐responsive system shows remarkable potential as a new artificial photosynthesis route for green H2 production.

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“…Surface photovoltage (SPV, Fig. S4) presents a positive photovoltage response, indicating the generated carriers can efficiently be separated and rapidly migrate to the surface [34][35][36].…”

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Fluorescein supramolecular nanosheets: A novel organic photocatalyst for visible-light-driven H2 evolution from water

Zhang

2018

Sci. China Mater.

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Photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen evolution is one of the most promising approaches to address energy and environmental issues [1][2][3][4]. Metal-free photocatalysts, usually containing low cost and earth-abundant C, N and O elements, are more advantageous than the traditional metal-based photocatalysts and have attracted considerable interest for many years [5][6][7][8][9][10]. In the reported metal-free photocatalysts, polymer carbon nitride (PCN) is extensively studied, but the relatively large band gap (~2.7 eV) and the low activity limit its photocatalytic applications [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Therefore, to develop a novel wide light range and high-efficiency metal-free photocatalysts for H 2 production is very essential.Supramolecule usually refers to the molecular aggregates assembled by intermolecular interactions (hydrogen bonds) or constructed with other hybrid structures and has been used directly for energy harvesting and transformation, such as water splitting, pollutant degradation and sensor [18][19][20]. The supramolecules withflexible skeletal structure through the different molecular self-assembly patterns have larger conjugated structure, more efficient charge transfer and separation, and broader absorption range than single molecule and polymer [21,22]. Among very few supramolecular photocatalysts, although the widely reported metal-contained porphyrin hybrids have good photocatalytic performance for H 2 production, metal-free porphyrin systems present a relatively poor activity, the metal composition confines their further applications due to high cost, metals toxicity and complicated preparation process [23,24]. Recently, Zhu and co-workers [25] reported a non-covalent selfassembled perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (PDINH) supramolecular composed of metal-free organic molecules, working as a visible-light photocatalyst for O 2 production and photodegradation. However, the conduction band (CB) of PDINH supra-molecular is (−0.049 V versus normal hydrogen electrode (NHE)); thus crippled in the application of H 2 production from water. Therefore, it is very significant to develop the easy obtained and novel metal-free supramolecular photocatalysts for H 2 production from water. The fluorescein, first synthesized in 1871, has been widely used in labelling and sensing biomolecules, as well as ophthalmology because of its high absorption in the visible region and low toxicity [26][27][28][29]. Herein, we demonstrate that the fluorescein supramolecular crystal self-assembled by single molecule is highly efficient for H 2 production from water under visible light. The morphology can be easily selfassembled into nanosheets via a simple dissolution-recrystallization process. To date, this is the first report on H 2 production under visible light over fluorescein supramolecular crystal, which extends the family of organic supramolecular photocatalytic materials. This study may open up new insights into the search of other metal-free and organic photocatalysts.We applied Gaussia...

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Constructing bulk defective perovskite SrTiO₃nanocubes for high performance photocatalysts

Cited by 84 publications

References 52 publications

Promoting Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting by Controlled Magnesium Incorporation in SrTiO₃ Photocatalysts

Promoting Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting by Controlled Magnesium Incorporation in SrTiO₃ Photocatalysts

Construction of Defective Zinc–Cadmium–Sulfur Nanorods for Visible‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution Without the Use of Sacrificial Agents or Cocatalysts

Fluorescein supramolecular nanosheets: A novel organic photocatalyst for visible-light-driven H2 evolution from water

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Constructing bulk defective perovskite SrTiO3nanocubes for high performance photocatalysts

Cited by 84 publications

References 52 publications

Promoting Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting by Controlled Magnesium Incorporation in SrTiO3 Photocatalysts

Promoting Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting by Controlled Magnesium Incorporation in SrTiO3 Photocatalysts

Construction of Defective Zinc–Cadmium–Sulfur Nanorods for Visible‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution Without the Use of Sacrificial Agents or Cocatalysts

Fluorescein supramolecular nanosheets: A novel organic photocatalyst for visible-light-driven H2 evolution from water

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Constructing bulk defective perovskite SrTiO₃nanocubes for high performance photocatalysts

Promoting Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting by Controlled Magnesium Incorporation in SrTiO₃ Photocatalysts

Promoting Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting by Controlled Magnesium Incorporation in SrTiO₃ Photocatalysts