“…DNA and enzyme reactions are mostly irreversible reactions, leading to logic gates incapable of repeatedly opening and closing, and this issue fundamentally limits our ability to extend a DNA computing circuit from a single layer to a multilayer structure. To solve the problem of irreversible reactions, Teng et al abandoned the traditional DNA-based approach and instead chose to use genetic circuits to construct ANNs [ 51 ]. Their results showed that neuromorphic computing was constructed for the first time by using genetic circuits, realizing linear classifications, nonlinear classifications, and pattern classifications in Fig.…”