“…In young adults (ages 20-34 years), VBM has revealed larger total normalized gray matter volume (total gray matter volume/total ICV) but also a faster rate of age-related decline in normalized gray matter volume in females (n = 71) than males (n = 71) (Farokhian, Yang, Beheshti, Matsuda, & Wu, 2017). Yang, Bozek, Han, and Gao (2020) revealed sex differences in several different cortical gray matter features, including sulcal depth and cortical thickness, in young adults (ages 19-37) from the Chinese and U.S. Human Connectome Project (HCP) cohorts using sample-specific surface templates based on FreeSurfer segmentations from 35 Desikan-Killiany (DK) and 75 Destrieux atlas structures in each hemisphere. In the Chinese HCP, males (n = 100) exhibited greater cortical thickness than females (n = 100) in the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes after correcting for age and ICV, whereas in the U.S. HCP, males (n = 100) exhibited lower thickness than females in the caudal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), but greater thickness in the insula, lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and the isthmus of the cingulate than females (n = 100).…”