“…Although the empirical research question remains focused on COVID-19 and stock market behavior, the approach to measuring COVID-19's impact varies considerably. For example, existing literature documents operationalization of Global COVID-19 fear index ( Al-Awadhi et al, 2020 , Mazumder and Saha, 2021 ; Salisu et al, 2020a; Salisu and Akanni, 2020 , Rubbaniy et al, 2021 , Zhang et al, 2021 ) measured from the daily death and confirmed cases, Feverish sentiment ( Huynh et al, 2021 ), pandemic anxiety indexes ( Yu et al, 2021 ), the COVID19+positive sentiment index ( Anastasiou et al, 2022 ), Equity Market Volatility Infectious Disease Tracker (EMV) ( Al Rababa'a et al, 2021 , Bai et al, 2021 , Baker et al, 2020 , Bouri et al, 2021 ; Salisu et al, 2020b), Pandemic intensity information search ( Goel and Dash, 2021 ), Coronavirus-related news (Biktimirov et al, 2020; Sun et al, 2021 ), COVID-19 Twitter intensity ( Al Guindy, 2021 ), investor attention or pandemic attention through GSVI ( Costola et al, 2021 , Smales, 2021 , Smales, 2020 , Tripathi and Pandey, 2021 , Xu et al, 2021 ), and pandemic-induced fear sentiment or pandemic uncertainty ( Chen et al, 2020 , Chundakkadan and Nedumparambil, 2021 , Liu et al, 2021 , Lyócsa et al, 2020 , Paule-Vianez et al, 2021 , Su et al, 2021 , Subramaniam and Chakraborty, 2021 , Szczygielski et al, 2022 ; Vasileiou, 2021). Table 1 presents a brief overview of recent literature and its findings.…”