“…Colonial policies of countries such as Canada, Australia, South Africa, and the United States have been enormously destructive to indigenous cultures and have massively undermined traditional community and family practices, according to many psychologists, anthropologists, and social workers (Ball, ; Brave Heart & DeBruyn, ; Padilla, Ward, & Limb, ; Wolfe, ). Forced assimilation processes such as boarding schools, land theft, and cultural denigration created psychological difficulties for indigenous communities, reflected in family violence, sexual abuse, child abuse, alcoholism, depression, and suicide (Bohn, ; Elias et al, ; Erickson, ; Fischler, ; Kral, ; Middlebrook, LeMaster, Beals, Novins, & Manson, ). Ball () posits that in Canada, the removal of children from family care to residential schools produced fissures in the sociocultural transmission of fatherhood roles across generations and created challenges for indigenous fathers' sustained involvement with their children.…”