Construct Validity Supports Use of a Novel, Tablet-Based Neurocognitive Assessment for Adolescents and Young Adults Affected by Perinatal HIV from Vulnerable Communities in the United States

Robbins, Reuben N; Kluisza, Luke; Liu, J; Santoro, Anthony F.; Raymond, Jeannette; Ngyuen, N; Espinel, Sarah; Siegel, Eva Laura; Dolezal, Curtis; Wiznia, Andrew; Abrams, Elaine J.; Mellins, Claude A.

doi:10.1007/s10461-020-03099-3

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Detailed descriptions of NeuroScreen tests have been previously reported. 47 Raw test scores were converted to demographically-adjusted (i.e., age, sex, education) T scores ( M = 50, SD = 10).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heme Oxygenase-1 Promoter (GT)n Alleles and Neurocognitive Functioning in Thai Youth with Perinatally-Acquired HIV: A Pilot Study

Santoro

Aurpibul

Kolson

et al. 2022

Preprint

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BackgroundHeme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene promoter (GT)n dinucleotide repeat length variations may modify HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (HIV-NCI) risk. Among adults, short HO-1 (GT)n alleles associate with greater HO-1 antioxidant enzyme inducibility and lower rates of HIV-NCI. This pilot study examined associations between HO-1 (GT)n alleles and neurocognitive outcomes in a sample of Thai youth (13-23 years) with perinatally-acquired HIV (PHIV) and demographically-matched HIV-negative controls.MethodsParticipants completed neurocognitive testing and provided blood samples for DNA extraction and sequencing of HO-1 promoter (GT)n dinucleotide repeat lengths. Allele lengths were assigned based on number of (GT)n repeats: <27 Short (S); 27-34 Medium (M); >34 Long (L). Relationships between HO-1 (GT)n repeat lengths and neurocognitive measures were examined, and differences by HO-1 (GT)n allele genotypes were explored.ResultsNearly half (48%) of all HO-1 (GT)n promoter alleles were short. Longer repeat length of participants’ longest HO-1 (GT)n alleles significantly associated with poorer processing speed (Total sample: r=-.36, p=.01; PHIV only: r=-.69, p<.001). Compared to peers and controlling for covariates, SS/SM genotypes performed better in processing speed, and SS genotypes performed worse in working memory.ConclusionsA high frequency of short HO-1 (GT)n alleles was found among these Thai youth, as previously observed in other cohorts of people of Asian ancestry. In contrast to previous adult studies, the presence of a short allele alone did not associate with better neurocognitive performance, suggesting additional modifying effects among the different alleles. Research is needed to determine whether HO-1 (GT)n promoter genotypes differentially influence neurocognitive functioning across the lifespan and different ethnic backgrounds.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NeuroScreen has been culturally-and linguisticallyadapted for use among Thai-speaking adolescents and young adults. 46 This pilot analyzed data 47 Raw test scores were converted to demographically-adjusted (i.e., age, sex, education) T scores (M = 50, SD = 10).…”

Section: Neurocognitive Measures As Part Of the Parent Study Particip...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heme Oxygenase-1 Promoter (GT)n Alleles and Neurocognitive Functioning in Thai Youth with Perinatally-Acquired HIV: A Pilot Study

Santoro

Aurpibul

Kolson

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Most studies in both the pediatric and adult HIV literatures have used standardized measures of developmental and neuropsychological functioning, sometimes examining their contextual validity or developing local normative data and more commonly by using matched comparison groups [114]. Increasingly, alternative assessment methods are being recommended and/or developed for this population, including locally validated screening measures [9,115]; computerized, and in some cases portable tablet-based, assessments [78,116,117]; exploration of diagnostic classification and criteria [118,119]; and the use of dynamic assessment or instruments aligned with underlying brain and behavioral processes [10,120]. Methods that have been developed or tested in the low-to middle-income contexts where pediatric HIV infection is concentrated are particularly critical.…”

Section: Conclusion and Current Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Nervous System Impact of Perinatally Acquired HIV in Adolescents and Adults: an Update

Nichols

2022

Curr HIV/AIDS Rep

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Purpose of Review Perinatally acquired HIV infection (PHIV) can confer neurodevelopmental risk. As children with PHIV increasingly survive through adolescence and into adulthood, understanding its long-term central nervous system (CNS) impacts is critical for maximizing adult outcomes and quality of life. Recent Findings Recently published neurocognitive and neuroimaging findings show impacts on the CNS associated with early HIV disease progression that endure into adolescence and young adulthood. Although developmental trajectories in adolescence largely appear stable, further research on maturational processes is indicated. Summary Although early antiretroviral therapy in infancy appears to be protective, it is not universally available and current youth largely developed without its benefit. The neurocognitive effects of HIV and the multiple other risks to neurodevelopment experienced by youth with PHIV call for further longitudinal research and a multifaceted approach to prevention and intervention.

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“…Another study completed in Cape Town, South Africa, assessed processing speed in PLWH using Neuro-Screen as compared to uninfected individuals finding that a greater proportion of PLWH performed worse than uninfected individuals [52]. Lastly, construct validity for Neuro-Screen was examined in New York City, NY, U.S., in people living with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) (n = 33) and perinatal HIV-exposure without infection (PHEU) (n = 29) [53]. All PLWH were prescribed at least one HIV medication, and the median viral load was 46 (copies/mL).…”

Section: Neuroscreenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of Digital Assessments in Screening for HIV-Related Cognitive Impairment: a Review

et al. 2021

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Purpose of Review While traditional neuropsychological tests are the gold standard in screening for HIV-related cognitive impairment, computerized neuropsychological assessment devices (CNADs) offer an alternative to these time-and resource-intensive batteries and may prove to be particularly useful for remote assessments or longitudinal monitoring. This review seeks to describe the benefits, limitations, and validity of CNADs in the evaluation of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Recent Findings We identified eight CNADs that have undergone validity testing for cognitive impairment in the setting of HIV. Included among these are batteries that have been modeled after the traditional neuropsychological exam, as well as others that implement new technologies, such as simulated reality and daily ecological assessments in their testing. Summary Currently, these digital batteries do not yet have the ability to supplant gold standard neuropsychological tests in screening for HAND. However, many have the potential to become effective clinical screening tools.

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Construct Validity Supports Use of a Novel, Tablet-Based Neurocognitive Assessment for Adolescents and Young Adults Affected by Perinatal HIV from Vulnerable Communities in the United States

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Heme Oxygenase-1 Promoter (GT)n Alleles and Neurocognitive Functioning in Thai Youth with Perinatally-Acquired HIV: A Pilot Study

Heme Oxygenase-1 Promoter (GT)n Alleles and Neurocognitive Functioning in Thai Youth with Perinatally-Acquired HIV: A Pilot Study

Central Nervous System Impact of Perinatally Acquired HIV in Adolescents and Adults: an Update

Validity of Digital Assessments in Screening for HIV-Related Cognitive Impairment: a Review

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