Construct validity of the Spanish version of the Post-COVID-19 Functional Status scale and validation of the web-based form in COVID-19 survivors

Abstract

Objectives To assess the psychometric characteristics of the Spanish Post-COVID-19 Functional Status (PCFS) scale (web-based and paper-based forms) and the test-retest reliability of the web-based form. Study design and setting Cross-sectional study of 125 COVID-19 survivors. The test-retest reliability of the web-based form was assessed at 7 days after the first evaluation. We collected symptoms, functional status (PCFS scale), health-related quality of life (EuroQol-5D questionnaire, EQ-5D-5L), activities of daily living limitations [Barthel Index and Global Activity Limitation Index, GALI] and psychological state (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS). Results The paper- and web-based forms of the Spanish PCFS scale showed adequate construct validity, and the web-based form provided substantial test-retest reliability (kappa = 0.63). The percentage of agreement between the web-based and paper-based forms was high (88%). Functional status showed a high correlation with EQ-5D-5L (inverse) and GALI (direct) (both; Rho ≥ .743), a moderate correlation with HADS (Rho ≥ .409) and a low correlation with the Barthel Index (Rho < .30). The Kruskal–Wallis test showed statistically significant differences in EQ-5D-5L, GALI and HADS according to the degree of functional status. Conclusion The Spanish version of the PCFS scale (web-based and paper-based forms) showed adequate construct validity, and the web-based form provided substantial test-retest reliability in COVID-19 survivors.

Mental Fatigue, Activities of Daily Living, Sick Leave and Functional Status among Patients with Long COVID: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…The Danish version of the scale was used [ 35 ]. The construct validity of the Post-COVID-19 Functional Status Scale used for adults with COVID-19 is acceptable for the English version [ 34 ] and adequate for the Spanish version [ 36 ], but no studies have evaluated the validity or the reliability of the Danish version. The instrument was completed during the appointment with the occupational therapist.…”

Remote Assessment in healthcare—Technologies, methods, benefits, and challenges

“…As for collection of survey data, there is a growing body of evidence that this can be done remotely. This is also demonstrated by the study by Sacristán-Galisteo and colleagues [ 6 ] who demonstrate that the web-based Spanish Post-COVID-19 Functional Status (PCFS) scale provided substantial test-retest reliability as compared to the paper-based version. The study by Sosenko and Bramley [ 2 ] similarly shows how methods for collection of survey data can be moved from a laboratory-based to a remote smartphone-based approach.…”

“…The papers in the collection address a wide spectrum of health topics including mental health [ 1 , 10 ], cognitive assessment [ 5 ], blood sampling and diagnosis [ 9 ], dental health [ 8 ], COVID-19 infections [ 7 ], and prenatal diagnosis [ 3 ]. Two studies also address how remote assessment using online surveys can be implemented and used [ 2 , 6 ], and one study review health inequalities in real-time remote outpatient consultations [ 4 ].…”

“…Not surprisingly given the timing and the wording of the call for papers, many of the papers address the COVID-19 lockdown and discuss how remote assessment methods can be used during a pandemic where people are more or less isolated and physical presence in clinics and between study participants needs to be minimized [ 1 , 2 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 9 ]. As argued by Sacristán-Galisteo and colleagues [ 6 ], the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented situation in which there has been a major push to implement telemedicine consultations, emphasizing the need for remote assessment tools, which offers the possibility to assess patients’ functional status without needing outpatient visits. As such, the lockdown has provides an unique opportunity for investigating remote assessment in many different health domain, applying many different methods.…”

The Post–Venous Thromboembolism Functional Status Scale: From Call to Action to Application in Research, Extension to COVID-19 Patients, and Its Use in Clinical Practice

“…-Formal evaluations of assessment methods; blinded vs. nonblinded raters, and structured interview vs. self-report -Assessment of variability in time of the scale grades following (the intended) time points for assessing functional status (predictive validity)Ongoing PVFS 52,66,67 PCFS[46][47][48]51,54,55,[57][58][59][60][62][63][64] -Formal assessment of feasibility, e.g., logistics and costs, of the scale in clinical trials Planned -Relating quality of life and utilities to functional status, with focus on cultural differences Ongoing PCFS33,34,43 -Evaluation of context-and culture-dependent interpretation of the different categories of functioning Planned -Relating functional status to relevant long-term endpoints, including economic endpoints (healthcare utilization, income, benefits use, etc.Abbreviations: PCFS, Post-COVID-19 Functional Status; PVFS, Post-VTE Functional Status; VTE, venous thromboembolism.…”