Construct validity of the personality inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD): Evidence from the MMPI-2-RF and CAT-PD-SF.

Abstract

The Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD) was recently developed to assess the ICD-11 model of personality disorders. The purpose of this study was to examine the construct validity of the PiCD using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) and the Computerized Adaptive Test of Personality Disorders Static Form (CAT-PD-SF). We administered these tests to 328 college students (150 males, 178 females). We found that the PiCD had adequate internal consistency reliability. Correlations between scores from the PiCD scales and the criterion measures generally indicated adequate discriminant validity. Along the same lines, convergent validity was adequate for the PiCD Negative Affective, Disinhibition, and Dissocial scales. However, the evidence was more mixed for the PiCD Detachment and Anankastic domains, which may be due to limitations with the content domains for these scales. Consistent with other research and theoretical expectations, a conjoint exploratory factor analysis utilizing the PiCD and MMPI-2-RF PSY-5 scales also indicated that anankastic and disinhibition may be more appropriately conceptualized as measuring opposite poles of one construct. Implications of these findings for the PiCD and the ICD-11 model are discussed.

Assessing ICD‐11 personality trait domain qualifiers with the MMPI‐2‐RF

“…Negative Affectivity was moderately correlated with the majority of hypothesized scales, including the conceptually most relevant scale PSY‐5 NEGE‐r, which also emerged as one of the best predictors of this domain in terms of both bivariate associations and in regression models with respect to model fit accounted for parsimony. This finding is consistent with previous studies (Carnovale et al, 2020; Sellbom et al, 2020; Tarescavage & Menton, 2020). Other scales either directly measuring negative emotionality (e.g., RC7), carry a large negative affectivity component (EID, RCd), or measure specific facets thereof (e.g., STW, AXY) were also predictive of this ICD‐11 domain, though there were also unexpected associations with the Hypomanic Activation and Activation MMPI‐2‐RF scales.…”

“…The Detachment domain had moderate associations with several interpersonal scales, including MMPI‐2‐RF Social Avoidance and Disaffiliativeness. Interestingly, contrary to hypotheses and previous ICD‐11 and MMPI‐2‐RF research (Bach et al, 2017; Carnovale et al, 2020; Sellbom et al, 2020; Tarescavage & Menton, 2020) there were small associations with symptoms of internalizing dysfunction, as well with the PSY‐5 Introversion/Low Positive Emotionality scale. This finding is also contrary to previous work with the AMPD (Anderson et al, 2013; Anderson et al, 2015; Finn et al, 2014).…”

“…However, none of these studies were focused on evaluating the MMPI‐2‐RF for this purpose and did not include the entire scale set scales. In addition, Tarescavage and Menton (2020) examined associations between the PiCD and the MMPI‐2‐RF in its entirety but used an undergraduate sample, which may be less generalizable to the general population. Those authors’ study was also focused on evaluating the PiCD, not the MMPI‐2‐RF, and therefore did not explicitly test hypotheses for the latter in the assessment of ICD‐11 PD trait domain qualifiers.…”

“…Though previous studies have used the MMPI‐2‐RF as a criterion in evaluating the ICD‐11 trait model (Carnovale et al, 2020; Sellbom et al, 2020), limited work has examined the utility of the MMPI‐2‐RF in assessing this model (Tarescavage & Menton, 2020). Therefore, similar to previous work that has demonstrated the utility of the MMPI‐2‐RF in assessing PDs from a DSM‐5 perspective (e.g., Anderson et al, 2013; Anderson et al, 2015; Sellbom et al, 2013, 2014), the present study aimed to examine the utility of the MMPI‐2‐RF in assessing the ICD‐11 trait domain qualifiers.…”

“…Oltmanns and Widiger (2018) developed a 60‐item self‐report measure, the personality inventory for ICD‐11 (PiCD), to assess the 5 pathological domains included in ICD‐11. Several studies have examined and supported the psychometric properties and factor structure of the measure (e.g., Crego & Widiger, 2020; McCabe & Widiger, 2020; Oltmanns & Widiger, 2019; Somma et al, 2020; Tarescavage & Menton, 2020). Oltmanns and Widiger (2020) have also developed a five‐factor personality inventory for ICD‐11 (FFiCD), which also includes assessment of ICD‐11 domains at a facet level.…”