“…While the aspects of pharmacological isomorphism, ethological consistency, and symptomatology are central to reasoning with animal models (Willner, 1991 ; van der Staay, 2006 ; Kalueff et al, 2007 ; Belzung and Lemoine, 2011 ), “[t]he arguments for evolutionary relationships, genetic homologies, and physiological similarities also are part of the epistemic infrastructure that supports the use of animal models” (Nelson, 2012 , p. 16). In particular, some authors (Blanchard and Blanchard, 1988 ; Maximino et al, 2010c ; de Mooij-van Malsen et al, 2011 ; Kas et al, 2011 ; Stewart and Kalueff, 2014 ) advocate the use of species-specific behavioral and physiological phenotypes as endpoints for assessing the effects of manipulations across multiple species. This, of course, necessitates the model to be embedded in a theoretical framework which will guide the choice of endpoints to be analyzed and validated (McNaughton and Zangrossi, 2008 ; Maximino et al, 2010c ).…”