Construct validity in psychological tests.

Cronbach, Lee J.; Meehl, Paul E.

doi:10.1037/h0040957

Cited by 8,725 publications

(4,810 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…To assess the predictive validity of IASMHS as part of a criterion-oriented validation process (Cronbach & Meehl, 1955), we investigated the predictive power of the three IASMHS scales for current mental health service use, when also including PTSD, depression, age, and gender as predictors in the model. The results showed that higher scores in the help-seeking propensity and the PTSD-intrusion scales, and lower scores in the depression scale contributed significantly to the prediction of current mental health service use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating institutional abuse survivors’ help-seeking attitudes with the Inventory of Attitudes towards Seeking Mental Health Services

Kantor

Knefel

2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Although effective treatments exist, many trauma survivors delay or avoid professional help. Attitudes towards help-seeking are associated with intentions to and actual treatment use, but were neglected in research on trauma survivors so far. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the reliability, construct validity, and predictive power of the Inventory of Attitudes towards Seeking Mental Health Services (IASMHS) and to investigate attitudes of adult institutional abuse survivors. Method: A total of 220 adult survivors of institutional abuse were interviewed using IASMHS, the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short-Form (CTQ-SF), the Life Events Checklist (LEC-5), and the depression-subscale of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18). They were further asked about their current mental health service use. We assessed the fit of different models of IASMHS with confirmatory factor analyses and predicted current mental health service use with a binominal logistic regression model. Results: The three-factor structure of IASMHS provided the best fit. One of the three scales (help-seeking propensity), the PTSD-intrusion scale, and the depression scale significantly contributed to the prediction of current mental health service use. Single items of the psychological openness scale loaded weakly on the according factor. Our sample showed a similar IASMHS profile compared to other samples with mental health problems. Conclusion: Overall, IASMHS appears to be a useful instrument to assess attitudes towards seeking mental health services in trauma survivors. It can be used to investigate help-seeking attitudes and its correlates to better understand and facilitate survivors’ treatment use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating institutional abuse survivors’ help-seeking attitudes with the Inventory of Attitudes towards Seeking Mental Health Services

Kantor

Knefel

2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…Simultaneous tests of the proposed pattern of effects against observation permit confirmation or rejection of the theory, referred to as nomological validity (Bagozzi, 1981;Cronbach and Meehl, 1955). Nomological validity is often evaluated using multivariate analyses based on regression such as, path analysis and structural equation modeling.…”

Section: Running Head: Meta-analytic Path Analysis In Preventive Medimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Together, such omnibus tests provide researchers with a robust, a priori basis on which to falsify theories, that is to accept or reject their fundamental hypotheses and assumptions, consistent with the principles of nomological validity (Bagozzi, 1981;Cronbach and Meehl, 1955).…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using meta-analytic path analysis to test theoretical predictions in health behavior: An illustration based on meta-analyses of the theory of planned behavior

Hagger

Chan

Protogerou

et al. 2016

Preventive Medicine

203

131

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“…Consequently, despite its prescient focus and abstract appeal, the theory has not lent itself readily to rigorous empirical tests, as required of good scientific theories (Popper, 1959). Personality and clinical psychologists have found it difficult, if not impossible, to operationalize, assess, and build quantitative models of the theory's hypothetical constructs and their nomological relationships (Cronbach & Meehl, 1955;MacCorquodale & Meehl, 1948;McFall & Townsend, 1998).…”

Section: Clinical-cognitive Theory: An Exemplarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing clinically relevant perceptual organization with multidimensional scaling techniques.

Treat

McFall

Viken

et al. 2002

Psychological Assessment

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Multidimensional scaling (MDS) techniques provide a promising measurement strategy for characterizing individual differences in cognitive processing, which many clinical theories associate with the development, maintenance, and treatment of psychopathology. The authors describe the use of deterministic and probabilistic MDS techniques for investigating numerous aspects of perceptual organization, such as dimensional attention, perceptual correlation, within-attribute organization, and perceptual variability. Additionally, they discuss how formal quantitative models can be used, in conjunction with MDS-derived representations of individual differences in perceptual organization, to test theories about the role of cognitive processing in clinically relevant phenomena. They include applied examples from their work in the areas of eating disorders and sexual coercion.Cognitive theorists implicate individual differences in social information processing, particularly construal processes, in the development, maintenance, and treatment of various forms of psychopathology (Beck, 1976;Ellis, 1994;Kelly, 1955;McFall, 1982). Clinical scientists have had difficulty finding valid methods to assess social information-processing constructs, however. One promising solution draws on the theoretical and measurement models of cognitive science (McFall, Treat, & Viken, 1997. The purpose of this article is to illustrate the potential of this solution by focusing on the use of a specific method, multidimensional scaling (MDS), for investigating individual differences in perceptual organization, that is, the way in which persons organize and represent incoming stimulus information.We first examine the conceptual strengths and methodological weaknesses of cognitive theory in clinical psychology. Next, we describe deterministic and probabilistic MDS models, which offer promise in overcoming some of these methodological limitations, and discuss their application to investigations of individual differences in perceptual organization. Finally, we describe the use of MDS to test hypotheses about the influence of perceptual organization on the operation of other cognitive processes. For illustrative purposes, we refer to two ongoing lines of research. The first is our investigation of individual differences in women's perceptions of information about other women's body size and affect and the links between these perceptions and eating disorders (Viken, Treat, Nosofsky, McFall, & Palmeri, in press). The second is our evaluation of individual differences in men's perceptions of women and the links between these perceptions and men's sexually coercive behavior (Treat, McFall, Viken, & Kruschke, 2001). Clinical-Cognitive Theory: An ExemplarGeorge A. Kelly's personal construct theory (1955) is a promising exemplar of a cognitive theory in clinical psychology. Of course, it is only one of many possible exemplars we might choose or cite. Beck's (1976) theory, for example, has had a greater influence on cognitive-behavioral therapists, and treatments...

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Construct validity in psychological tests.

Cited by 8,725 publications

References 45 publications

Investigating institutional abuse survivors’ help-seeking attitudes with the Inventory of Attitudes towards Seeking Mental Health Services

Investigating institutional abuse survivors’ help-seeking attitudes with the Inventory of Attitudes towards Seeking Mental Health Services

Using meta-analytic path analysis to test theoretical predictions in health behavior: An illustration based on meta-analyses of the theory of planned behavior

Assessing clinically relevant perceptual organization with multidimensional scaling techniques.

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