Construct validity estimation for the African-American and Hispanic versions of the Oucher Scale

Beyer, Judith; Knott, Christine B.

doi:10.1016/s0882-5963(98)80065-1

Cited by 83 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Construct validity can be assessed using the assumption that analgesics should reduce pain and therefore pain scores should be lower in children after the administration of an analgesic. 6,12 The construct validity of these 2 pain scales is supported by the significant difference obtained from the comparison of the scores obtained before and after the administration of an analgesic intervention (Figs 3 and 4). Convergent validity is present when 2 different tools that measure the same concept, in this case pain, produce similar results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Self-reported pain intensity scores should be lowered after analgesic administration if these tools indeed exhibit construct validity. 6,12 All 30 children with pain were treated with 1 or more forms of analgesia: intravenous opioid (10), fracture immobilization (9), acetaminophen (7), oral opioid (6), topical anesthetic (2), and others (2).The mean pain score before analgesic administration was 5.7 cm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.8 -6.6) on the CAS with a median of 6.0 cm (IQR: 4.0 -8.0). After the analgesic administration, the mean score decreased to 3.1 (95% CI: 2.0 -4.1) with a median score of 3.1 cm (IQR: 1.1-4.3) as illustrated in Fig 3. The median pain score on the FPS was 3.0 faces (IQR: 2.0 -5.0) before analgesic administration, which decreased to 2.0 faces (IQR: 1.0 -3.0) after analgesic administration (Fig 4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Children as young as 3 years have been shown reliably to self-report pain intensity with the use of several assessment tools. 1,2 However, pain management has been inadequately studied in the acute setting.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Validation of 2 Pain Scales for Use in the Pediatric Emergency Department

Bulloch

Tenenbein

2002

Pediatrics

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ABSTRACT. Objective. To determine the construct, content, and convergent validity of 2 self-report pain scales for use in the untrained child in the emergency department (ED).Methods. A prospective study was conducted of all children who presented to an urban ED between 5 and 16 years of age inclusive after written informed consent was obtained. Children were excluded if they were intoxicated, had altered sensorium, were clinically unstable, did not speak English, or had developmental delays. Children marked their current pain severity on a standardized Color Analog Scale (CAS) and a 7-point Faces Pain Scale (FPS). They were then asked whether their pain was mild, moderate, or severe. Children were then administered an analgesic at the discretion of the attending physician and asked to repeat these measurements. For assessing content validity, the scales were also administered to age-and gender-matched children in the ED for nonpainful conditions. Convergent validity was assessed by determining the Spearman correlation coefficient between the 2 pain scales.Results. A total of 60 children were enrolled, 30 with pain and 30 without, with a mean age of 9.3 ؎ 3. ABBREVIATIONS. ED, emergency department; CAS, Color Analog Scale; FPS, Faces Pain Scale; IQR, interquartile range; CI, confidence interval; ACCS, Analog Continuous Chromatic Scale. I n assessing a child's pain, a measuring tool must take into account a child's age, cognitive level, type of pain, and the situation in which the pain is occurring. 1,2 No single measure is useful for all children with all types of pain, which can be acute, chronic, or recurrent. However, it should be possible to have a practical, valid, and reliable measure to evaluate a child's pain for any particular setting.The most effective method of pain measurement is self-report. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Children as young as 3 years have been shown reliably to self-report pain intensity with the use of several assessment tools. 1,2 However, pain management has been inadequately studied in the acute setting. 9 Any assessment of pain management in children requires a valid tool. There are no published data regarding the validity of pediatric pain scales in the untrained child in the emergency department (ED). Agreement among measures in one context does not necessarily suggest agreement in another context. 10 The primary objective of this study was to determine the construct validity of 2 self-report pain scales in the untrained pediatric ED patient. The secondary objectives were to determine the content and convergent validity of these 2 tools. METHODSThis was a prospective, descriptive study conducted in an urban ED at a children's hospital, with an annual census of 36 000. All children who presented to the ED between 5 and 16 years of age inclusive were eligible for enrollment. The minimum age of 5 years was chosen, despite some original research showing that children aged 3 and 4 years also can use these measures, because self-report measures of pain severity have been widely used in t...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of 2 Pain Scales for Use in the Pediatric Emergency Department

Bulloch

Tenenbein

2002

Pediatrics

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“…88 The Oucher has undergone extensive psychometric testing, and alternate versions have been validated in black and Hispanic children. 89 Behavioral rating scales score pain behaviors such as facial expression, crying, torso movements, kicking, verbal protest, and need for restraint. Some children may be able to control their behavior, however, resulting in poor correlation with selfreported pain.…”

Section: Pediatric Pain Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%