Construct-related validity of the TOCS measures: Comparison of intelligibility and speaking rate scores in children with and without speech disorders

Hodge, Megan; Gotzke, Carrie L.

doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2014.06.007

Cited by 47 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A limited number of studies suggest that children should be fully intelligible to unfamiliar listeners by about 4 years of age (Coplan & Gleason, 1988;Flipsen, 2006;Weiss, 1982). Other studies using standard orthographic transcription of words and sentences by unfamiliar listeners provide evidence that 4-year-old children are not fully intelligible (M. M. Hodge & Gotzke, 2014a;Hustad, Schueler, Schulz, & DuHadway, 2012). The methodologies used across studies have varied considerably, making comparisons difficult.…”

Section: Intelligibility In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the underlying causes and specific speech characteristics vary greatly across populations, persistent intelligibility deficits can have important repercussions, including social and educational participation and reduced quality of life (Dickinson et al, 2007;Schneider, Gurucharri, Gutierrez, & Gaebler-Spira, 2001). Enhancing intelligibility is often a key objective of speech therapy (M. M. Hodge & Gotzke, 2014a;Landa et al, 2014).…”

Section: Intelligibility In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the TOCS+ is a clinical tool with established validity (M. M. Hodge & Gotzke, 2014a;M. Hodge & Gotzke, 2014b), there are other ways that intelligibility can be measured.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability and Diagnostic Accuracy of Speech Intelligibility Scores in Children

Hustad

Oakes

Allison

2015

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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a,bPurpose: We examined variability of speech intelligibility scores and how well intelligibility scores predicted group membership among 5-year-old children with speech motor impairment (SMI) secondary to cerebral palsy and an agematched group of typically developing (TD) children. Method: Speech samples varying in length from 1-4 words were elicited from 24 children with cerebral palsy (mean age 60.50 months) and 20 TD children (mean age 60.33 months). Two hundred twenty adult listeners made orthographic transcriptions of speech samples (n = 5 per child). Results: Variability associated with listeners made a significant contribution to explaining the variance in intelligibility scores for TD and SMI children, but the magnitude was greater for TD children. Intelligibility scores differentiated very well between children who have SMI and TD children when intelligibility was at or below approximately 75% and above approximately 85%. Conclusions: Intelligibility seems to be a useful clinical tool for differentiating between TD children and children with SMI at 5 years of age; however, there is considerable variability within and between listeners, highlighting the need for more than one listener per child to ensure validity of an intelligibility measure.

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Section: Intelligibility In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intelligibility In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability and Diagnostic Accuracy of Speech Intelligibility Scores in Children

Hustad

Oakes

Allison

2015

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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“…Child speakers were audio-recorded while repeating a list of 42 different single words and 60 sentences between two and seven words in length (10 sentences of each length) from the Test of Children's Speech (TOCS+; Hodge & Daniels, 2007) following a prerecorded adult model. Single words were elicited one time each, with the exception of eight single words containing corner vowels (see Table 2), which were elicited four times each, interspersed within the list of single words.…”

Section: Acquisition Of Speech Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For each child, F1 and F2 values were averaged across the two productions to yield an average F1 and F2 value for each corner vowel (e.g., /u/ coordinates were based on average formant values of one repetition of two in "Cut two small pieces," and one repetition of shoots in "Water shoots from that gun"). The analyzed words and sentences were selected from the set of Test of Children's Speech stimuli, which were developed to be linguistically appropriate for young children as part of an intelligibility test (Hodge & Daniels, 2007), and thus the phonetic and phonotactic context of corner vowels varied between the word and sentence stimuli. As the aim of this analysis was to examine vowel space area differences between children in the SMI and TD groups within single-word and sentence contexts, but not to directly compare single-word vowel space area to sentence vowel space area within groups, potential effects of coarticulation on formant frequencies were controlled by having all children repeat the same list of stimuli.…”

Section: Acoustic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Range and Precision of Formant Movement in Pediatric Dysarthria

Allison

Annear

Policicchio

et al. 2017

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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Purpose: This study aimed to improve understanding of speech characteristics associated with dysarthria in children with cerebral palsy by analyzing segmental and global formant measures in single-word and sentence contexts. Method: Ten 5-year-old children with cerebral palsy and dysarthria and 10 age-matched, typically developing children participated in this study. Vowel space area and second formant interquartile range were measured from children's elicited productions of single words and sentences. Results: Results showed that the children with dysarthria had significantly smaller vowel space areas than typically developing children in both word and sentence contexts; however, overall ranges of second formant movement did not differ between groups in word or sentence contexts. Additional analysis of single words revealed that, compared to typical children, children with dysarthria had smaller second formant interquartile ranges in single words with phonetic contexts requiring large changes in vocal tract configuration, but not in single words with monophthongs. Conclusions: Results of this study suggest that children with dysarthria may not have globally reduced ranges of articulatory movement compared to typically developing peers; however, they do exhibit reduced precision in producing phonetic targets.

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Changes in brain activity following intensive voice treatment in children with cerebral palsy

et al. 2017

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Eight children (3 females; 8-16 years) with motor speech disorders secondary to cerebral palsy underwent 4 weeks of an intensive neuroplasticity-principled voice treatment protocol, LSVT LOUD , followed by a structured 12-week maintenance program. Children were asked to overtly produce phonation (ah) at conversational loudness, cued-phonation at perceived twice-conversational loudness, a series of single words, and a prosodic imitation task while being scanned using fMRI, immediately pre- and post-treatment and 12 weeks following a maintenance program. Eight age- and sex-matched controls were scanned at each of the same three time points. Based on the speech and language literature, 16 bilateral regions of interest were selected a priori to detect potential neural changes following treatment. Reduced neural activity in the motor areas (decreased motor system effort) before and immediately after treatment, and increased activity in the anterior cingulate gyrus after treatment (increased contribution of decision making processes) were observed in the group with cerebral palsy compared to the control group. Using graphical models, post-treatment changes in connectivity were observed between the left supramarginal gyrus and the right supramarginal gyrus and the left precentral gyrus for the children with cerebral palsy, suggesting LSVT LOUD enhanced contributions of the feedback system in the speech production network instead of high reliance on feedforward control system and the somatosensory target map for regulating vocal effort. Network pruning indicates greater processing efficiency and the recruitment of the auditory and somatosensory feedback control systems following intensive treatment. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4413-4429, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Construct-related validity of the TOCS measures: Comparison of intelligibility and speaking rate scores in children with and without speech disorders

Cited by 47 publications

References 14 publications

Variability and Diagnostic Accuracy of Speech Intelligibility Scores in Children

Variability and Diagnostic Accuracy of Speech Intelligibility Scores in Children

Range and Precision of Formant Movement in Pediatric Dysarthria

Changes in brain activity following intensive voice treatment in children with cerebral palsy

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