Construct and concurrent validity of a prototype questionnaire to survey public attitudes toward stuttering

Louis, Kenneth O. St.; Reichel, Isabella K.; Yaruss, J. Scott; Lubker, Bobbie Boyd

doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2009.02.001

Cited by 53 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The database consisted of 6957 respondents representing in 15 different languages and 23 countries. The POSHA–S has been carefully evaluated for reliability; validity; internal consistency; user‐friendliness; translatability; different modes of administration; and sensitivity to attempts to change attitudes, intercultural differences, generational differences, and different types of sampling (e.g., Flynn & St. Louis, ; St. Louis, ; St. Louis, Reichel, Yaruss, & Lubker, ; St. Louis & Roberts, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public attitudes toward stuttering in Poland

Przepiórka

Błachnio

Louis

et al. 2013

Intl J Lang & Comm Disor

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Although generally typical of other Western societies studied, attitudes of adolescents and adults from Poland were notably different in some ways, such as in the beliefs that emotional trauma or viruses and disease can cause stuttering as well as in the self reaction that they would feel uncomfortable speaking with a stuttering person. Overall, social exclusion and stigma are as likely among Poles who stutter as among most other populations studied.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public attitudes toward stuttering in Poland

Przepiórka

Błachnio

Louis

et al. 2013

Intl J Lang & Comm Disor

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“…Research has noted that such translations of the POSHA–S are accurate and have little effect on attitude results (e.g., St. Louis & Roberts, 2010). Additionally, psychometric studies have shown the POSHA–S to possess satisfactory reliability, validity, internal consistency, readability, user‐friendliness and robustness in different administration modes or settings (e.g., Al‐Khaledi et al., 2009; St. Louis, 2012b; 2012c; St. Louis et al., 2008, 2009a, 2009b).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mothers’ and fathers’ attitudes toward stuttering in the Middle East compared to Europe and North America

Hughes,

Junuzovic‐Zunic,

Mostafa

et al. 2023

Intl J Lang & Comm Disor

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BackgroundParents play a central role in the treatment of childhood stuttering. Addressing parental attitudes toward stuttering is helpful therapeutically. The extent to which differences in attitudes toward stuttering exist on the basis of sex, geographical region and parental status (e.g., parent of a stuttering child, parent of a nonstuttering child, nonparent) is unclear. Many studies investigating such factors have used the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes–Stuttering (POSHA–S) questionnaire. A large POSHA–S database has collected responses from over 20 000 people from 49 countries.AimsThe aim of this study was to use the POSHA‐S database to examine the extent to which the following variables influence attitudes toward stuttering: (a) parents’ sex (mothers vs. fathers), (b) geographic region (Middle East vs. Europe and North America), (c) parents’ children (stuttering vs. nonstuttering) and (d) parental status (parents versus nonparents).Methods & ProceduresData used in this study were extracted from selected, relevant studies that administered the POSHA–S to respondents. The Overall Stuttering Scores were compared on the basis of sex and parent status (i.e., mothers and fathers; nonparent women and men) and were then compared within and across the two geographical areas. Group comparisons were performed using analysis of variance followed by independent t tests, and Cohen's d was calculated to determine effect sizes.Outcomes & ResultsStatistically significant differences were observed upon the basis of geographical region. In general, male parents and nonparents tend to have more positive stuttering attitudes among the Middle Eastern samples while female parents and nonparents tend to show more positive attitudes in European and North American samples in the POSHA–S database. Effect sizes were small for all comparisons.Conclusions & ImplicationsThe effect of geographic region and culture may predict sex‐based differences among mothers’ and fathers’ attitudes toward stuttering; however, the clinical significance is unclear. Additional research is needed to better understand how children who stutter are affected by their parents’ attitudes toward stuttering.What this paper addsWhat is already known on this subject The research clearly indicates that attitudes toward stuttering vary according to geographical region. Less clear is whether mothers and fathers from geographically diverse backgrounds hold different attitudes toward stuttering and the extent to which parental status (being a parent, parent of a child who stutters or nonparent) affects attitudes toward stuttering.What this study adds This study's findings confirm that geographical differences do influence attitudes toward stuttering. Male parents and nonparents tend to have equal or more positive attitudes toward stuttering in Middle Eastern samples, whereas non‐Middle Eastern female parents and nonparents tend to show hold more positive attitudes.What are the clinical implications of this work? In addition to being culturally sensitive when working with parents of children who stutter, clinicians should also consider that mothers and fathers may have some differences in attitudes and behaviours toward their child's stuttering. These differences should be considered when designing treatment plans. It should also be noted that, despite statistical significance, the effect sizes in this study were low, suggesting that further research as well as close collaboration with parents of children who stutter is warranted.

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“…Stutterers experience active discrimination. [89][90][91][92] They are stigmatized and stereotyped by society and are often falsely characterized as shy, self-conscious, and anxious people who lack confidence. 51 They are also paid less than their fluent peers.…”

Section: The Effects Of Neurodiversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

What Can Stutterers Learn from the Neurodiversity Movement?

Constantino

2018

Semin Speech Lang

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Neurodiversity is both an empowerment movement and a way of thinking about disability. Rather than focusing on pathology and impairment, neurodiversity emphasizes natural variation and the unique skills, experiences, and traits of neurodivergent individuals. People who stutter are beginning to work with and derive value from these concepts. In this article, we look at the history of neurodiversity and its key ideas. We discuss the conventional view of disability, the medical model, which situates disability within the individual as pathology. We also take up social and relation models of disability, which situate disability in social oppression or mismatches between individuals and their environment. Neurodiversity has not been without controversy. We look at some of the disagreements surrounding issues of intervention and cure. The ideas of neurodiversity are applied to stuttering, and a case example illustrating therapy using these ideas is given. We conclude that therapy should focus on subject's well-being and not normalization of superficial behaviors.

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Construct and concurrent validity of a prototype questionnaire to survey public attitudes toward stuttering

Cited by 53 publications

References 15 publications

Public attitudes toward stuttering in Poland

Public attitudes toward stuttering in Poland

Mothers’ and fathers’ attitudes toward stuttering in the Middle East compared to Europe and North America

What Can Stutterers Learn from the Neurodiversity Movement?

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