Constrictive myelopathy secondary to hypoplasia or aplasia of the thoracolumbar caudal articular processes in Pugs: 11 cases (1993–2009)

Fisher, Stephen C.; Shores, Andy; Simpson, Stephen T.

doi:10.2460/javma.242.2.223

Cited by 31 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In 2 case series, 3 of 5 Pugs had hemivertebrae and 1 of 5 Pugs had spondylosis deformans in the vertebra associated with SAD . Facet joint malformations of the vertebral column in Pugs are associated with constrictive myelopathy . Although in the study of Pugs without signs of neurological dysfunction, 97% of them had thoracic vertebral articular process aplasia or hypoplasia, dogs in this investigation were younger in comparison to our study population raising the suspicion that clinical sequela of this malformation might occur later in life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Short‐ and long‐term outcome and magnetic resonance imaging findings after surgical treatment of thoracolumbar spinal arachnoid diverticula in 25 Pugs

Alisauskaite

Cizinauskas

Jeserevics

et al. 2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background There is a successful outcome after surgical management of spinal arachnoid diverticula (SAD) in up to 82% of cases. Hypothesis/Objectives We hypothesized that Pugs have favorable short‐term and poor long‐term prognosis after surgical treatment of thoracolumbar SAD. The aim of the present investigation was to describe clinical findings, short‐ and long‐term outcomes, and follow‐up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in Pugs with thoracolumbar SAD. Animals Twenty‐five client owned Pugs with 12‐month follow‐up information after surgical treatment of thoracolumbar SAD. Methods Multicenter retrospective case series. All medical records were searched for Pugs diagnosed with SAD. Data regarding signalment, history, surgical procedure, outcome, histopathology, and follow‐up MRI results were extracted. Results Mean age at presentation was 7.32 (range 2‐11) years, 80% were males. Short‐term outcome was available in 25 dogs, and improvement was confirmed in 80% of dogs. Long‐term outcome was available in 21 dogs, and deterioration was confirmed in 86% of cases, with late‐onset recurrence of clinical signs after initial postsurgical improvement affecting 85% of Pugs. A moderate correlation (r = 0.50) was found between duration of clinical signs and outcome. In 8 dogs with deteriorating clinical signs, follow‐up MRI revealed regrowth of the SAD in 2 cases, new SAD formation in 2 cases, and intramedullary T2W hyperintensity/syringomyelia in 6 cases. Conclusions and Clinical Importance This study suggests that Pugs with thoracolumbar SAD do not have a favorable long‐term prognosis after surgical treatment for reasons yet to be determined.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Short‐ and long‐term outcome and magnetic resonance imaging findings after surgical treatment of thoracolumbar spinal arachnoid diverticula in 25 Pugs

Alisauskaite

Cizinauskas

Jeserevics

et al. 2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…All the dogs in our group were examined for vertebral malformations, as these abnormalities have been described in Pugs [14] and French bulldogs. However, radiographic examinations and CT scans, which included 3D reconstructions of CT scans with particular emphasis on articular facets (i.e., aplastic or hypoplastic articular facets [14]), did not reveal any vertebral abnormalities in the SAC area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, radiographic examinations and CT scans, which included 3D reconstructions of CT scans with particular emphasis on articular facets (i.e., aplastic or hypoplastic articular facets [14]), did not reveal any vertebral abnormalities in the SAC area. Nevertheless, the possibility of vertebral column instability was retained, as disc protrusion was observed in 5/6 dogs, with signs of spondylosis in 2/5 dogs, and a small subluxation was detected in Dog 6.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Original surgical treatment of thoracolumbar subarachnoid cysts in six chondrodystrophic dogs

et al. 2014

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BackgroundSubarachnoid cysts are rare conditions in veterinary medicine, associated with spinal cord dysfunction. Most of the 100 cases of subarachnoid cysts described since the first report in 1968 were apparently not true cysts. Reported cysts are usually situated in the cervical area and occur in predisposed breeds such as the Rottweiler. The purpose of this retrospective study, from May 2003 to April 2012, was to describe the distinctive features of thoracolumbar spinal subarachnoid cysts, together with their surgical treatment and outcome in 6 chondrodystrophic dogs.ResultsFive Pugs and 1 French Bulldog were examined. Images suggestive of a subarachnoid cyst were obtained by myelography (2/6) and computed tomography myelography (4/6), and associated disc herniation was observed in 3/6 dogs. A hemilaminectomy was performed. The protruding disc eventually found in 5/6 dogs was treated by lateral corpectomy. The ventral leptomeningeal adhesions observed in all dogs after durotomy were dissected. No or only mild post-operative neurological degradation was observed. Follow-up studies (7 months to 4 years) indicated good outcome and no recurrence.ConclusionsAll the thoracolumbar subarachnoid cysts described in these 6 chondrodystrophic dogs were associated with leptomeningeal adhesions. Good results seemed to be obtained by dissecting and removing these adhesions. A protruding disc, found here in 5/6 dogs, needs to be ruled out and can be treated by lateral corpectomy.

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“…The clinical presentation in dogs with thoracolumbar myelopathy is highly variable regarding clinical onset, course, and presence of spinal pain, depending partly on the underlying etiology . In pugs however, thoracolumbar myelopathy with uniform clinical phenotype and clinical course, but of different etiologies, including spinal cord as well as vertebral column lesions, is described . Spinal cord lesions, including subarachnoid diverticula (SAD) and constrictive myelopathy, have been given attention in pugs as separate diagnoses underlying myelopathy .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The histopathological features of the affected spinal cord tissues in pugs with myelopathy have been sparsely studied, mostly limited to meningeal material removed at surgery. In that respect, both SAD and constrictive myelopathy are associated with proliferation and thickening of the meninges . Vertebral column lesions, such as congenital vertebral malformations (CVMs), including hemivertebra and hypo‐ or aplasia of the caudal articulate processes (CAPs), and acquired intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH), are inconsistently described in pugs presenting as thoracolumbar myelopathy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thoracolumbar meningeal fibrosis in pugs

Rohdin

Ljungvall

Häggström

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background Thoracolumbar myelopathies associated with spinal cord and vertebral column lesions, with a similar clinical phenotype, but different underlying etiologies, occur in pugs. Objectives To further characterize the clinical and neuropathological characteristics of pugs with longstanding thoracolumbar myelopathy. Animals Thirty client‐owned pure‐bred pugs with a history of more than a month of ataxia and paresis of the pelvic limbs, suggesting a myelopathy localized to the thoracolumbar spinal cord, were included in the study. Methods Prospective clinicopathological study. Included pugs underwent a complete neurological examination and gross and histopathologic postmortem studies with focus on the spinal cord. Computed tomography (n = 18), magnetic resonance imaging (n = 17), and cerebrospinal fluid analysis (n = 27) were performed before or immediately after death. Results Twenty male and 10 female pugs had a median age at clinical onset of 84 months (interquartile range, 66‐96). Affected pugs presented with a progressive clinical course and 80% were incontinent. There was circumferential meningeal fibrosis with concomitant focal, malacic, destruction of the neuroparenchyma in the thoracolumbar spinal cord in 24/30 pugs. Vertebral lesions accompanied the focal spinal cord lesion, and there was lympho‐histiocytic inflammation associated or not to the parenchymal lesion in 43% of the pugs. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Meningeal fibrosis with associated focal spinal cord destruction and neighboring vertebral column lesions were common findings in pugs with long‐standing thoracolumbar myelopathy.

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Constrictive myelopathy secondary to hypoplasia or aplasia of the thoracolumbar caudal articular processes in Pugs: 11 cases (1993–2009)

Cited by 31 publications

References 10 publications

Short‐ and long‐term outcome and magnetic resonance imaging findings after surgical treatment of thoracolumbar spinal arachnoid diverticula in 25 Pugs

Short‐ and long‐term outcome and magnetic resonance imaging findings after surgical treatment of thoracolumbar spinal arachnoid diverticula in 25 Pugs

Original surgical treatment of thoracolumbar subarachnoid cysts in six chondrodystrophic dogs

Thoracolumbar meningeal fibrosis in pugs

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