Constraints to Sheep Farming in Nepal: Development Challenge for Poverty Alleviation

Rauniyar, Ganesh P.; Upreti, Chet R.; Gavigan, R.; Parker, W-A.

doi:10.5713/ajas.2000.1162

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…It also justi es that the prevalence of brucellosis is higher in sheep than goats. Also, Nepal has a transhumant rotational sheep grazing system in many parts of Nepal, and the sheep's migratory pattern could contribute to the highest transmission rate [8]. This nding was also supported by a study conducted by Rajala et al [23] in Tajikistan.…”

Section: Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysismentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Brucellosis is an economically important zoonotic disease of both animals and humans caused by the gram-negative bacteria of Brucella species [1][2]. People contract Brucellosis by the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products [3][4][5] occupational exposures through handling aborted fetus or placenta of infected animals [3], and inhalation of contaminated aerosol while processing of the animal products [7][8]. Brucellosis creates signi cant economic losses to the livestock industry worldwide because it usually results in abortion, infertility, and a decrease in milk and meat production [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is an estimate of 11 million goats and 0.8 million sheep population in Nepal [9]. Nepalese sheep supports the local carpet industry [8]. On the other hand, goat meat provides the second (20.36%) most substantial volume of meat consumption after the buffalo meat (54.34%) in Nepal [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sero-epidemiology and associated risk factors of brucellosis among sheep and goat population in the mid southern Nepal: A comparative study

Gompo

Shah

Tiwari

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract Background Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of animals and humans caused by the Brucella spps. In Nepal, the presence of brucellosis in small ruminants, e.g., sheep and goats, has impacted the farmers' livelihood and people's food safety. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Rupandehi districts of Nepal to the discover the seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of brucellosis in sheep and goat population. Altogether, 19 sheep and 60 goat farms located in the districts' local units were visited, and the owners were interviewed to get the information on animal characteristics, management, and movement patterns. Three hundred fifty-seven serum samples (80 sheep and 277 goat’s samples) were collected from selected herd based on the probability proportional to their sizes. Each serum sample was tested for Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and ELISA to estimate the seropositivity. Bivariate analysis followed by multivariable logistic regression was applied to calculate corresponding odds ratios of each variable associated with the brucellosis. Results Out of 80 sheep samples, 12 (15%; 95%CI: 8.79%-24.41%, P<0.001) and out of 277 goat samples 3 (1.1%; 0.37%-3.14%, P<0.001) were tested positive to brucellosis. Age of greater than 1.5 years (OR= 6.39, 95%CI: 1.23, 54.67, p= 0.04) was identified as the significant risk factor for brucellosis in sheep population. While in the goat population, none of the variables were identified as the significant risk factors in multivariable regression analysis. However, the goat from the frequent grazing herds had borderline significance (OR = 8.81, 95%CI: 0.44, 174.56, p<0.15). It might be because of the regular movement of sheep herds that get mixed up with the goat populations. Conclusion The study provides evidence that the burden of brucellosis in sheep is significantly higher than goats. The brucellosis control program in sheep should be applied immediately, as the contiguous herds of sheep and goats keep mixing while grazing and selling. Also, the strict biosecurity and biosafety measures should be implemented among the sheepherders to prevent infection of Brucella in them. We suggest further study on both small ruminants and the sheep owners to reveal the transmission dynamics through one health approach.

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Section: Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysismentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sero-epidemiology and associated risk factors of brucellosis among sheep and goat population in the mid southern Nepal: A comparative study

Gompo

Shah

Tiwari

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Transhumant sheep pastoralism is an important livestock system in the hills and mountains of Nepal, where sheep are raised principally for wool, meat, manure, and pack uses (Rauniyar et al 2000). Baruwal sheep are amongst the vital native sheep breeds, being a multipurpose small ruminant kept in the transhumant pastoral system (Wilson 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haematological changes in transhumant Baruwal sheep (Ovis aries) grazing in the western Himalayan mountains in Nepal

Barsila

Bhatt

Devkota³

et al. 2020

Pastoralism

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Transhumance pastoralism is a traditional sheep management strategy adopted by the herders in the Himalayas to address environmental stress. The changes in haematological parameters in the transhumant sheep may well give insights of changes in physiological changes at pasture sites of various elevations in the transhumance cycle. For that purpose, 32 healthy Baruwal sheep were selected and divided into four groups: male (8) below 1 year, male (8) greater than 1 year, female (8) below 1 year, and female (8) greater than 1 year; the animals were selected based on similarity on body weight within the groups. The herd was clinically inspected for the presence of any infection. Adaptation period was set for 3 weeks at each pasture site. The blood samples were taken from designated groups at both grazing sites, i.e. from low (2431 m.a.s.l) to high stopover (3885 m.a.s.l) at the seventh day of the experimental period. Climatic data were recorded at both altitudes over the period of measurements from manually installed weather stations. Later, the herbage species were collected based on the visual sign of grazing at both sites and subjected to chemical composition analysis. The research results revealed that RBC (red blood cell), Hb (Haemoglobin), and PCV (packed cell volume) were significantly increased (p < 0.05) at high altitude, while MCH (mean corpuscular haemoglobin) and MCHC (Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration) were higher at low altitude. Sex and age had a similar effect (p > 0.05) on haematologic parameters, except for PCV and MCH. The altitude had a big impact on leucocyte (p < 0.05), being greater at low altitude than high, which could be an indicator of the increased immunologic response at low altitude irrespective of age and sex. The research result revealed the changing haematological responses of Baruwal sheep to changing pasture sites at different altitudes in the transhumance movement. The results further gave a hint of the nutritional stress at low altitude when the herd arrives in the winter season. It is rather difficult to draw an immediate conclusion that pasture quality might be the contributory issue for a decline in the nutritional status of grazing sheep when the herbage species vary by altitude. The measurement of blood metabolic stressors could further facilitate description of the nutritional stress alongside the transhumance when the grazing species and quality are different. Strategic feed supplementation for a much better performance of Baruwal sheep is needed at low altitude to deal with the declined herbaceous quality during winter.

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“…Small ruminants are important contributors to the livelihood of Nepalese farmers, where the goat is considered as the "poor man's cow" [13][14]. They are one of the principal commodities of the livestock production system in Nepal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sero-epidemiology and associated risk factors of brucellosis among sheep and goat population in the south western Nepal: A comparative study

Gompo

Shah

Tiwari

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundBrucellosis is a zoonotic disease of animals and humans caused by the Brucella spp. In Nepal, the presence of brucellosis in small ruminants, such as sheep and goats, has impacted farmers' livelihood and the food safety of the consumer. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Rupandehi district of Nepal to investigate the seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of brucellosis in the sheep and goat population. Altogether, nineteen sheep and sixty goat farms located in the district were visited. The owners were interviewed to get information on animals, including their management and movement patterns. Three hundred fifty-seven samples (80 sheep and 277 goat samples) were collected proportionately based on the farm sizes. Each serum sample was tested with Rose Bengal Test and ELISA to estimate the seropositivity of brucellosis. Logistic regression was applied to calculate corresponding odds ratios of each variable associated with detection brucellosis. Results At the farm level, 31.6% (6/19; 95% CI: 12%, 54%) of sheep farms and 3.3% (2/60, 95% CI: 0.9%, 11.4 %) of the goat farms were seropositive to brucellosis. Out of 80 sheep serum samples, 12 (15%; 95% CI: 8.79%-24.41%) and out of 277 goat serum samples 3 (1.1%; 95% CI: 0.37%-3.14%) were seropositive to brucellosis. Age greater than 1.5 years (OR= 5.56, 95% CI: 1.39, 29.38, p = 0.02) and herd size of greater than a hundred (OR= 4.74, 95% CI: 1.23, 20.32, p = 0.03) were identified as significant risk factors for seropositivity of brucellosis in the sheep population. While in the goat population, none of the variables was identified as a significant risk factor. ConclusionThe study provides evidence that the older sheep and the sheep from the large herd sizes were at higher risk of detecting brucellosis. A control program should be applied immediately in the sheep population because they may transmit infections to other livestock as they were regularly moved for grazing and selling purposes. Also, strict biosecurity measures should be implemented among pastoralists to prevent brucellosis transmission in them. We suggest further one health-based study to reveal the transmission dynamics of brucellosis between animals and humans.

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Constraints to Sheep Farming in Nepal: Development Challenge for Poverty Alleviation

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Sero-epidemiology and associated risk factors of brucellosis among sheep and goat population in the mid southern Nepal: A comparative study

Sero-epidemiology and associated risk factors of brucellosis among sheep and goat population in the mid southern Nepal: A comparative study

Haematological changes in transhumant Baruwal sheep (Ovis aries) grazing in the western Himalayan mountains in Nepal

Sero-epidemiology and associated risk factors of brucellosis among sheep and goat population in the south western Nepal: A comparative study

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