Constraints to Occupational Diversification among Rural Women in Anambra State, Nigeria

Ajani, E. N.; Igbokwe, E. M.

doi:10.4314/jae.v18i2.4

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This implies that there were more married individuals in farming in the area. This is in line with the findings of Ajani who stated that farming activities are done mostly by people who are married and are responsible enough to take family decisions [14].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Prospects of Cooperative Society for Sustainable Agriculture Among Smallholder Farmers in Benue State, Nigeria

Joseph¹

2018

IJAAS

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The study was conducted to ascertain prospects of cooperative society for sustainable agriculture among smallholder farmers in Benue state, Nigeria. Data were collected from eighty (80) respondents using questionnaire. Frequency, percentage, mean score and factor analysis were used for analyzing data collected for the study. Findings indicate that about 39% of the respondents were aged between 41 and 50 years while 7.5% were aged above 60 years, among others. A greater percentage (63.8%) of the respondents were males with majority (88.8%) being married, 40% of them acquired tertiary education with 50.0% having a household size of 1-5 persons while 68.8% had farming as a major occupation. Savings and contributions (57.0%) were major sources of fund for cooperative society. Major reasons for joining cooperative society were access to credit facilities (38.8%), greater access to farm inputs (26.2%), raise standard of living (11.2%), among others. Results on benefits of cooperatives society include access to information (94.5%), increases members income and food security (91.8%), high productivity/ increase in output (90.4%), easy access to loan facilities (89.0%), improved market competition and expanded market opportunities (89.0%), pulling of resources together (86.3%), easy access to credit facilities (80.8%), greater access to farm inputs (75.3%), availability of labour (61.5%), etc. Factors influencing performance of cooperative society were named institutional, funding and input-related variables. The study recommends that there is need for timely provision of farm inputs for the farmers in order to increase productivity for sustainable agriculture. Adequate awareness campaign is needed in ensuring that farmers become members of cooperative society so as to pull their resources together for greater productivity.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Prospects of Cooperative Society for Sustainable Agriculture Among Smallholder Farmers in Benue State, Nigeria

Joseph¹

2018

IJAAS

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“…The mean household size was 5.06 with standard deviation of 2. This also corroborates the result of Ajani and Igbokwe (2013) who found that majority of rural women had a household size of 1-5 persons. The lower figure of mean household size of the respondents compared to the average of 6 noted in many studies points out that female headed households are relatively smaller in size than typical traditional male headed rural households.This could account for the labour shortages which are known to limit agriculture in female households thereby promoting non-farm diversification among them.…”

Section: Household Sizesupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Given the poverty situations in rural communities and uncertainties associated with the largely nature-dependent economy of traditional agricultural practice, the need for rural household livelihood diversification is centred on the need for assurance of household food security, generation of additional income, control of available additional income, reduction of poverty and vulnerability among others (Ajani and Igbokwe, 2013). It is also, opined that increased diversity promotes greater flexibility because it allows more possibilities for substitution between opportunities that are in decline and those that are expanding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Livelihood Diversification Sources of Female Household Heads in Rural Communities of Osun State

Adesoji¹,

Olanrewaju²,

Kolawole³

2014

jae

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The study investigated the livelihood of female household heads (FHH) in rural communities of Osun State. Specifically, it described the personal and socioeconomic characteristics of female household heads, identified their livelihood sources and investigated the problems faced their sources of external assistance/support. Multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select 120 respondents to whom structured questionnaires were administered to elicit requisite information. Frequency counts, percentage, means and standard deviation were used for data analysis. The results showed that the female household heads were mainly widows (55%) and the mean age and household size were 50.46±13.07 and 5.46±2.09, respectively. The major livelihood sources were petty trading (97.5%), crop processing (57.5%), farming (48.3%) and reselling of farm produce (22.2%). Financial difficulty was a paramount problem identified, followed by lack of contact with extension agents (71.7%) and gender discrimination in obtaining land on lease for farming (39.2). Majority (65.8%) of FHH did not have external sources of financial assistance while 21.7% were supported by their children. The study concluded that livelihoods of FHH were diversified mainly within agriculture and trading enterprises.

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“…Nonetheless, evidence indicates that rural women are innovative, creating something out of nothing to meet the basic needs of their families (Nwoye, 2007; Ajani, 2012; Mbah and Igbokwe, 2015). However, poverty constrains what they can do (Anderson and Obeng, 2017).…”

Section: Poor Women Entrepreneurs In Rural Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies highlight that women enterprises account for a large proportion of total rural employment and rural income (Mbah and Igbokwe, 2015). Indeed, Ajani (2012) maintains that rural women’s enterprises play major roles in generating income for the rural women.…”

Section: Poor Women Entrepreneurs In Rural Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiencing microfinance

Ukanwa

Xiong

Anderson

2017

JSBED

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address the problem of why the poorest, most disadvantaged groups such as rural African women, benefit less from microfinance. The authors focus on the perception and experiences of ordinary rural entrepreneurial women on microfinance in a context of extreme poverty and where family responsibility and economic activities are closely intertwined. Design/methodology/approach The authors purposefully sampled 15 poor females with small businesses in two Nigerian villages. The key characteristic guiding the sampling was that the respondents had to be poor. The authors held two focus groups and ten interviews to capture their experience and understanding of microfinance. The authors used thematic analysis to establish patterns in the data. Findings For poor entrepreneurial women, a livelihood for survival, putting food on the table and paying school fees are priorities, not business growth. They see microcredit as debt and a great risk that could lead to irreversible losses. Family responsibilities for basic consumption needs of the household can affect their ability to repay loans; perceived dangers of microcredit may outweigh potential benefits. Research limitations/implications The theories, especially functionalist economic theory, do not take account of microfinance users’ experiences. Practical implications Microfinance should be aware that the poorest perceive microcredit differently and should eliminate the intimidating barriers raised to them. Instead of providing a means for the poor to alleviate poverty or coping strategies for them to manage cash flows and risks, microfinance causes fear and anxiety by demanding high rate of return in a very short period of time. Social implications The very poorest, who should be the beneficiaries of microfinance, are less likely to be able to benefit. The condition of poverty creates different realities for those at the base of the pyramid. Originality/value This research questions the neoliberal rationality assumptions that microfinance rest on; the paper fills a gap in the literature, i.e. how the potential borrowers themselves living in deep-rooted poverty perceive and experience microfinance.

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Constraints to Occupational Diversification among Rural Women in Anambra State, Nigeria

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Prospects of Cooperative Society for Sustainable Agriculture Among Smallholder Farmers in Benue State, Nigeria

Prospects of Cooperative Society for Sustainable Agriculture Among Smallholder Farmers in Benue State, Nigeria

Livelihood Diversification Sources of Female Household Heads in Rural Communities of Osun State

Experiencing microfinance

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