Constraints on the use of money as a gift at Christmas: the role of status and intimacy∗

Burgoyne, Carole; Routh, David A.

doi:10.1016/0167-4870(91)90043-s

Cited by 73 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It may generate a short-term and temporary relief, and help fight depression or boredom (Mason 1992). Some people use money to buy affection or love; but money lacks the necessary attributes for conveying intimacy (Burgoyne and Routh 1991), although we know that when money is a consideration, love may not be real (Goldberg and Lewis 1978).…”

Section: Money As Tool and As Drugmentioning

confidence: 99%

Money, the meaning of money, management, spirituality, and religion

Tang

2010

Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion

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This article briefly summarizes selected theory and research related to money and the meaning of money. Research shows that money is considered as a tool and as a drug. People are subject to all kinds of temptation in the environment that trigger them to act ethically or unethically. Thinking about money enhances one’s feeling of “self‐sufficiency,” but reduces one’s willingness to help others. The mere presence of abundant money incites the feeling of “envy” toward wealthy others that provokes unethical behavior. Having control over money and spending money on others promote happiness. High love‐of‐money individuals have low pay satisfaction, low quality of life, low ethical intentions, and low intention to help others and become Good Samaritans. Since money is the direct opposite of spirituality and one cannot serve both God and money, spirituality and religion help people live fulfilling, meaningful, and purposeful lives. There is hope that our understanding of spirituality and religion through the lens of money may help researchers and practitioners move to further research and improved practice.

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Section: Money As Tool and As Drugmentioning

confidence: 99%

Money, the meaning of money, management, spirituality, and religion

Tang

2010

Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion

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“…real-world gifting is a symbolic signal of the giver's willingness to invest in a future relationship with the receiver (e.g., [24,84,87]). gifts signal an esteem for the recipient on the part of the giver that is not productively conveyed using money alone [22], and this esteem invites a longer relationship between the giver and receiver. This analysis is appropriate to the simplistic relationships between users in virtual worlds.…”

Section: Social Connectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…gifts convey esteem and social information beyond that carried in conventional verbal communication alone [22,66,97], which can serve to elevate the perceived status of the gift giver [93]. This improvement in status can also enhance socialization by improving relationship links [114].…”

Section: Use Continuancementioning

confidence: 99%

Gifting and Status in Virtual Worlds

Goode

Shailer

Wilson

et al. 2014

Journal of Management Information Systems

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Poland. his main research interests in social networks and information diffusion are backed with a practical background in the field of Web system development.abStract: While profitable business models elude many virtual worlds, sales of virtual products are a potentially lucrative source of revenue. One new addition to this strategy is virtual gifting, whereby users purchase virtual products to give to other users. The monetary value of such virtual good transactions is economically significant but no prior study has examined this phenomenon in a strictly virtual context. We apply theory from the economics literature to examine gifting behavior in a virtual world in which users' social status is reflected in observable social connections (friendships) and interactions (personal messages). We find strong evidence that gifting is associated with future enhancements of the gift giver's social status, consistent with a social status-seeking motivation, thus confirming a theorized behavior that is difficult to study in the real world. Our study has implications for system proprietors and managers because we show that gift giving increases system use continuance. We identify various antecedents of gift giving, which may assist a manager in identifying users who are most inclined to give gifts and enable the manager to signal the social exchange benefits to users as a way of improving their social connections.key WordS and phraSeS: gift economy, MMOg, status in virtual worlds, virtual gifts, virtual worlds.

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“…Whereas being loved tends to raise one's status and self-esteem, being paid for or receiving money nearly always means a drop in status, or at least acknowledging an inferior position vis-à-vis the provider. This is one of the reasons that gifts in the form of money rarely travel 'up' the generations in a family: assumptions about relative status (including but not restricted to financial status) would be violated except in carefully defined circumstances (Burgoyne and Routh, 1991).…”

Section: Is There a Rational Solution?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart-Strings and Purse-Strings: Money in Heterosexual Marriage

Burgoyne

2004

fem psychol

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Constraints on the use of money as a gift at Christmas: the role of status and intimacy∗

Cited by 73 publications

References 12 publications

Money, the meaning of money, management, spirituality, and religion

Money, the meaning of money, management, spirituality, and religion

Gifting and Status in Virtual Worlds

Heart-Strings and Purse-Strings: Money in Heterosexual Marriage

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