Constraints on Pleistocene pluvial climates through stable-isotope analysis of fossil-spring tufas and associated gastropods, Kharga Oasis, Egypt

Smith, Jennifer; Giegengack, Robert; Schwarcz, Henry P.

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.01.021

Cited by 100 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Re-equil i brated C and O iso tope data are not in line with the typ i cal iso tope trend of me teoric wa ter (An drews, 2006;Schulte et al, 2011). Smith et al (2004) found a sim i lar shift of data in Pleis to cene spring tufas (car bon ates from the cur rently hyperarid West ern Desert of Egypt) as in di ces of an ear lier hu mid (plu vial) cli mate. In our section the strongly de creased d 18 O iso tope data to gether with the microstructural char ac ter (Figs.…”

Section: Stable C and O Isotopes Of Calcitementioning

confidence: 88%

Latest Triassic climate humidification and kaolinite formation (Western Carpathians, Tatric Unit of the Tatra Mts)

Lintnerová¹,

Michalı́k²,

Uhlík³

et al. 2013

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The Tomanová For ma tion, of Rhaetian age, over ly ing the Norian Carpathian Keuper in the Tatra Mts. is built of cy clic parasequences of mudstones and sand stones. Quartz (15 to 70 wt.%), kaolinite (13 to 46 wt.%) and 2:1 Al dioctahedral phyllosilicates (dioct 2:1: mus co vite, illite, illite/smectite: 5 to 39 wt.%) rep re sent the ma jor min eral phase. The kaolinite/dioct 2:1 ra tio de creases up wards in the sec tion (from 4.3 to 0.5) and sig nals vari abil ity in weath er ing/ero sion in ten sity and changing wa ter sa lin ity. Ma jor and trace el e ments (LILE, HSFS, REE) in di cate a uni form source -fel sic rocks lo cated prob a bly in the Vindelician High lands. The sed i men ta tion rate (83 mm/ky) was con trolled by cli mate. Al ter na tion of dry and hu mid pe riods is refered by sed i men tary tex tures and by ma tu rity of quartz (ae olian vs. flu vial grains), and or ganic mat ter con tent and com po si tion (C org and d 13 C org ). Authigenic sid er ite or bethierine doc u ments wet and re duced con di tions in the up per part of the Tomanová For ma tion. The sedimention rate of the ma rine Dudzinec For ma tion at tained 25 mm/ka and the char ac ter of cy cles pre served in the se quence is sim i lar as that of the Tomanová For ma tion (fin ing up wards parasequences). How ever, the dif fer ent clay min er al ogy, the re cy cled char ac ter of the sil i cates, the dif fer ent d 13 C org and el e vated imput of car bon ate detri tus with spe cific C and O iso to pic pat terns doc u ment a dis con ti nu ity in the sec tion. The transgressive char ac ter of the Dudzinec Fm. was de duced from the strati graphic dis tri bu tion and en vi ron men tal char ac ter is tics of the ben thic foraminifera pres ent. Involutinids and spirillinids dom i nate in the lower part, endothyrinids gov ern the mid dle part, and in the up per part nodosariids and Ammodiscus-type micro fauna oc cur. These age-di ag nos tic microfossils in di cate a late Rhaetian age. Sea level rise in the Tatric Zone trig gered by ther mal ex pan sion of the Cen tral At lan tic Rift was grad ual, be ing af fected by in put of ter res trial clastic sed i ment both by fresh wa ter and by wind. The Tatric Tri as sic se quence in the West ern Carpathians helps un der stand ing of the de vel op ment of sed i men ta tion, palaeoclimate (kaolinite weath er ing), and palaeo ge ogra phy of the north ern most Tethyan Do main.

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Section: Stable C and O Isotopes Of Calcitementioning

confidence: 88%

Latest Triassic climate humidification and kaolinite formation (Western Carpathians, Tatric Unit of the Tatra Mts)

Lintnerová¹,

Michalı́k²,

Uhlík³

et al. 2013

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“…vegetation acts as a substrate for accumulation (Pedley, 1990) and algae aid removal of carbon dioxide from solution to encourage carbonate precipitation (Ford & Pedley, 1996), whilst flowing water encourages turbulent carbon dioxide degassing, again encouraging carbonate precipitation (Ford & Pedley, 1996). Drivers behind periods of tufa formation in this now semiarid to arid basin were climatic, corresponding to periods of increased rainfall and reduced evapotranspiration as documented elsewhere in Saudi Arabia (Kabesh and Abdel-Motelib, 2014), western Namibia (Brook, 1999), north western Spain (Pena, Sancho & Lozano, 2000), Croatia (Horvatincic, Calic, & Geyh, 2000), Israel (Livnat and Kronfeld, 1985); the Grand Canyon USA, (Szabo, 1990), Egypt (Smith, Giegengack, & Schwarcz, 2004;, and Namibia (Stone, Viles, Thomas & Van Calsteren, 2010). From existing speleothem chronologies on the Arabian Peninsula it is likely that this occurred in (but may not have been limited to) interglacial periods (Parker, 2009;Preusser, 2009;Fleitmann et al, 2011;).…”

Section: Broad-scale Landscape Stratigraphy Evolution and Hominin Acmentioning

confidence: 86%

Palaeolithic artefact deposits at Wadi Dabsa, Saudi Arabia; a multi-scalar geoarchaeological approach to building an interpretative framework

Inglis¹,

Fanning²,

Stone³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Surface artefacts dominate the archaeological record of arid landscapes, particularly the Saharo-Arabian belt, a pivotal region in dispersals out of Africa. Discarded by hominins, these artefacts are key to understanding past landscape use and dispersals, yet behavioural interpretation of present-day artefact distributions cannot be carried out without understanding how geomorphological processes have controlled, and continue to control, artefact preservation, exposure and visibility at multiple scales.We employ a geoarchaeological approach to unravelling the formation of a surface assemblage of 2,970 Early and Middle Stone Age lithic artefacts at Wadi Dabsa, Saudi Arabia, the richest locality recorded to date in the southwestern Red Sea coastal region. Wadi Dabsa basin, within the volcanic Harrat Al Birk, contains extensive tufa deposits formed during wetter conditions. We employ regional landscape mapping and automatic classification of surface conditions using satellite imagery, field observations, local landform mapping, archaeological survey, excavation, and sedimentological analyses to develop a multi-scalar model of landscape evolution and geomorphological controls acting on artefact distributions in the basin. The main artefact assemblage is identified as a palimpsest of activity, actively forming on a deflating surface, a model with significant implications for future study and interpretation of this, and other, artefact surface assemblages.

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“…This is exemplified at different scales in a range of karst environments where there has been rapid effective incision, e.g. Glover and Robertson (2003), Schäfer et al (2007), Smith, J.R. et al (2004) and Torres et al (2005).…”

Section: Conclusion and Implications For The Quaternary Evolution Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of tufa deposition and palaeohydrological conditions in the White Peak, Derbyshire, UK: implications for Quaternary landscape evolution

Banks

Jones

Lowe

et al. 2012

Proceedings of the Geologists' Association

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Abstract.This review considers the geological and geomorphological context of tufa barrages that occupy buried valley settings in the Wye catchment, Derbyshire. It describes the potential relationship of the tufa with locations of hypothesised river captures and inception horizon-guided groundwater flow paths. Tufa barrage development is associated with steps in the bedrock, which may be related to knick-point recession during river capture. Broad estimates of valley incision have been calculated from previously dated deposits. These support current interpretations of particularly significant effective base-level lowering during the Anglian and Devensian stages of the Quaternary and have the potential to add to the knowledge of regional uplift histories.

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Constraints on Pleistocene pluvial climates through stable-isotope analysis of fossil-spring tufas and associated gastropods, Kharga Oasis, Egypt

Cited by 100 publications

References 61 publications

Latest Triassic climate humidification and kaolinite formation (Western Carpathians, Tatric Unit of the Tatra Mts)

Latest Triassic climate humidification and kaolinite formation (Western Carpathians, Tatric Unit of the Tatra Mts)

Palaeolithic artefact deposits at Wadi Dabsa, Saudi Arabia; a multi-scalar geoarchaeological approach to building an interpretative framework

Review of tufa deposition and palaeohydrological conditions in the White Peak, Derbyshire, UK: implications for Quaternary landscape evolution

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