Constraints on extra dimensions from atomic spectroscopy

There are theoretical frameworks, such as the large extra dimension models, which predict the strengthening of the gravitational field in short distances. Here we obtain new empiric constraints for deviations of standard gravity in the atomic length scale from analyses of recent and accurate data of hydrogen spectroscopy. The new bounds, extracted from 1S − 3S transition, are compared with previous limits given by antiprotonic Helium spectroscopy. Independent constraints are also determined by investigating the effects of gravitational spin-orbit coupling on the atomic spectrum.We show that the analysis of the influence of that interaction, which is responsible for the spin precession phenomena, on the fine structure of the states can be employed as a test of a post-Newtonian potential in the atomic domain. The constraints obtained here from 2P 1/2 − 2P 3/2 transition in hydrogen are tighter than previous bounds determined from measurements of the spin precession in an electron-nucleus scattering.

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“…In Ref. [20], for instance, the power-law parametrization is adopted to study the ADD model in thick branes scenarios.…”

Section: Final Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic tests for short-range modifications of Newtonian and post-Newtonian potentials

Lemos

Luna

Maciel

et al. 2019

Class. Quantum Grav.

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“…On the other hand, in distances smaller than the size of the extra dimensions, theses models predict that the gravitational force is amplified in comparison to the Newtonian three-dimensional force by a factor that depends on the number and on the size of the additional dimensions. This fact has motivated many authors to study the effects of the gravitational field in the atomic and molecular system as a way to obtain independent experimental bounds for parameters of the higher-dimensional theories [14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rydberg states of hydrogenlike ions in a braneworld model

2018

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It has been argued that precise measurements of optical transition frequencies between Rydberg states of hydrogen-like ions could be used to obtain an improved value of the Rydberg constant and even to test Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) theory more accurately, by avoiding the uncertainties about the proton radius. Motivated by this perspective, we investigate the influence of the gravitational interaction on the energy levels of Hydrogen-like ions in Rydberg states within the context of the braneworld models. As it is known, in this scenario, the gravitational interaction is amplified in short distances. We show that, for Rydberg states, the main contribution for the gravitational potential energy does not come from the rest energy concentrated on the nucleus but from the energy of the electromagnetic field created by its electrical charge, which is spread in space. The reason is connected to the fact that, when the ion is in a Rydberg state with high angular momentum, the gravitational potential energy is not computable in zero-width brane approximation due to the gravitational influence of the electrovacuum in which the lepton is moving.Considering a thick brane scenario, we calculate the gravitational potential energy associated to the nucleus charge in terms of the confinement parameter of the electric field in the brane. We show that the gravitational effects on the energy levels of a Rydberg state can be amplified by the extra dimensions even when the compactification scale of the hidden dimensions is shorter than the Bohr radius.

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“…The origin of the divergences is the fact that a delta-like confinement in the brane is a singular distribution from the viewpoint of the bulk [53,54]. However, in a thick brane scenario, the confined particles are described by a regular wave function with a non-null width in the transversal directions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous work [53], considering a hydrogen stuck in a thick brane, we determined lower bounds for the higher-dimensional Planck mass from the 2S-1S transition. The limits from H spectroscopy are weaker than those necessary to solve the proton radius puzzle.…”

Section: The Gravitational Energy Of An Atom In a Thick Branementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, in comparison with the Newtonian potential, the extra-dimensional version is amplified by a factor of the order of ( /r ) n in short distances. This property has motivated the study of the gravitational interaction in atomic and molecular systems as a way of obtaining empirical bounds for the number and size of the extra dimensions [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. Considering that the gravitational interaction is a small term of the atomic Hamiltonian, we find that the gravitational energy is proportional to the mean value of r −(n+1) in the atomic state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is the proton radius puzzle evidence of extra dimensions?

Dahia

Lemos

2016

Eur. Phys. J. C

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The proton charge radius inferred from muonic hydrogen spectroscopy is not compatible with the previous value given by CODATA-2010, which, on its turn, essentially relies on measurements of the electron-proton interaction. The proton's new size was extracted from the 2S-2P Lamb shift in the muonic hydrogen, which showed an energy excess of 0.3 meV in comparison to the theoretical prediction, evaluated with the CODATA radius. Higher-dimensional gravity is a candidate to explain this discrepancy, since the muonproton gravitational interaction is stronger than the electronproton interaction and, in the context of braneworld models, the gravitational potential can be hugely amplified in short distances when compared to the Newtonian potential. Motivated by these ideas, we study a muonic hydrogen confined in a thick brane. We show that the muon-proton gravitational interaction modified by extra dimensions can provide the additional separation of 0.3 meV between the 2S and 2P states. In this scenario, the gravitational energy depends on the higher-dimensional Planck mass and indirectly on the brane thickness. Studying the behavior of the gravitational energy with respect to the brane thickness in a realistic range, we find constraints for the fundamental Planck mass that solve the proton radius puzzle and are consistent with previous experimental bounds.

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Constraints on extra dimensions from atomic spectroscopy

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

Spectroscopic tests for short-range modifications of Newtonian and post-Newtonian potentials

Spectroscopic tests for short-range modifications of Newtonian and post-Newtonian potentials

Rydberg states of hydrogenlike ions in a braneworld model

Is the proton radius puzzle evidence of extra dimensions?

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