“…For the five axes of the i th limb of a 3-UPU manipulator shown in Fig. 4, the direction of the second axis, ̂, is a function of the first joint displacement, 1 , and the direction of the fourth axis, ̂, is a function of the fifth joint displacement, 5 , and the six parameters. Inverse kinematic solutions of a 3-UPU manipulator exist if the following three kinematic constraints are satisfied: …”