Constraining spinning primordial black holes with global 21-cm signal

Abstract

Spin is a fundamental property of Primordial Black Holes, and it can substantially affect Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) evaporation rate. We consider the non-negligible spin of PBHs and study the bounds on the fraction of PBHs that accounts for dark matter as a function of mass and spin. Spinning Primordial Black Holes (SPBHs) can evaporate by Hawking radiation and inject energy into the intergalactic medium (IGM). The injection of the background radiation into IGM can significantly affect the thermal and ionization history of gas during cosmic dawn. Recently, the Experiment to Detect the Global Epoch of Reionization Signature (EDGES) low-band observation reported a 21 cm absorption signal in the redshift range 15−20. The presence of Hawking radiation by evaporating PBHs can modify the 21 cm absorption profile. Considering the EDGES signal into account, we constrain the fraction of SPBHs that accounts for dark matter as a function of mass and spin. We also compare these bound with other available observations.

Future Constraints on Primordial Black Holes from XGIS-THESEUS

“…Based on the Hawking radiation, there exist cornucopia of constraints from non-observation of emission products from PBH of mass region ∼ 5 × 10 14 − 2 × 10 17 g which are presently evaporating. Previous works have constrained this mass range via absence of any excess in electron-positron pairs [16][17][18][19][20][21], non-observation of neutrino flux from currents detectors [17] as well as the upcoming ones [22][23][24][25], the γ-rays observations [16,[26][27][28][29], X-rays observations [26,30], observation of radiosignals [31,32], 21-cm observations [33][34][35] and heating of interstellar medium [36,37] (for in-depth discussion on similar such studies of PBH, refer to Ref. [38][39][40][41]).…”

Limits on primordial black holes detectability with Isatis: A BlackHawk tool

“…Other studies are based on the direct [23] or indirect detection of electrons-positrons [22,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]; and finally there are some papers that focus on neutrino constraints [25,[38][39][40]. Most of the more recent studies now take into account the effect of having a non-zero PBH spin, which enhances the photon emission and thus results in more stringent constraints for Kerr (rotating) PBHs [9,13,18,19,25,28,32,37,40], or an extended PBH mass distribution, that should be more realistic regarding the channels of PBH formation [13,15,16,18,24,25,29,32,40]. Exotic studies have also derived constraints on non-standard (other than Kerr) PBHs [41][42][43] or PBH-DM mixed scenarios [44][45][46][47].…”

Limits on primordial black holes detectability with Isatis: a BlackHawk tool

“…Other studies are based on the direct [23] or indirect detection of electrons-positrons [22,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]; and finally there are some papers that focus on neutrino constraints [25,[39][40][41]. Most of the more recent studies now take into account the effect of having a nonzero PBH spin, which enhances the photon emission and thus results in more stringent constraints for Kerr (rotating) PBHs [9,13,18,19,25,28,32,37,38,41], or an extended PBH mass distribution, that should be more realistic regarding the channels of PBH formation [13,15,16,18,24,25,29,32,41]. Exotic studies have also derived constraints on non-standard (other than Kerr) PBHs [42][43][44] or PBH-DM mixed scenarios [45][46][47]…”