Constraining distance-based multipoint simulations to proportions and trends

Mariethoz, Grégoire; Straubhaar, Julien; Renard, Philippe; Chugunova, T.; Biver, Pierre

doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.07.007

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Four general scale orders can be recognized, which are pore to lithofacies, lithofacies to geomodel, and geomodel to reservoir model. Multiplepoint geostatistics (MPS) gained importance in the recent years for modelling geological structures at different spatial scales, from m to m [32,33]. For example, in the field of hydrology, MPS allows building models on decameter scale [34], while Okabe and Blunt [35] used the technique to model pore space on a micrometer scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lattice Boltzmann Simulations of Fluid Flow in Continental Carbonate Reservoir Rocks and in Upscaled Rock Models Generated with Multiple-Point Geostatistics

Soete

Claes

et al. 2017

Geofluids

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Microcomputed tomography ( CT) and Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) simulations were applied to continental carbonates to quantify fluid flow. Fluid flow characteristics in these complex carbonates with multiscale pore networks are unique and the applied method allows studying their heterogeneity and anisotropy. 3D pore network models were introduced to single-phase flow simulations in Palabos, a software tool for particle-based modelling of classic computational fluid dynamics. In addition, permeability simulations were also performed on rock models generated with multiple-point geostatistics (MPS). This allowed assessing the applicability of MPS in upscaling high-resolution porosity patterns into large rock models that exceed the volume limitations of the CT. Porosity and tortuosity control fluid flow in these porous media. Micro-and mesopores influence flow properties at larger scales in continental carbonates. Upscaling with MPS is therefore necessary to overcome volume-resolution problems of CT scanning equipment. The presented LBM-MPS workflow is applicable to other lithologies, comprising different pore types, shapes, and pore networks altogether. The lack of straightforward porosity-permeability relationships in complex carbonates highlights the necessity for a 3D approach. 3D fluid flow studies provide the best understanding of flow through porous media, which is of crucial importance in reservoir modelling.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lattice Boltzmann Simulations of Fluid Flow in Continental Carbonate Reservoir Rocks and in Upscaled Rock Models Generated with Multiple-Point Geostatistics

Soete

Claes

et al. 2017

Geofluids

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“…3-D characterization of geological architectures plays a crucial role in the quantification of subsurface water, oil and ore 30 resources (Chen et al, 2017;Foged et al, 2014;Hoffman and Caers, 2007;Jackson et al, 2015;Kessler et al, 2013;Raiber et al, 2012;Wambeke and Benndorf, 2016). Heterogeneity and connectivity of sedimentary reservoirs exert controls on 3 training image Mariethoz et al, , 2015. For the pdf-based MPS methods, using the distances between patterns greatly decreases the amount of stored patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response to Reviewer #1

Liu¹

2018

Preprint

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Multiple-point statistics (MPS) has shown promise in representing complicated subsurface structures. For a practical three-dimensional (3-D) application, however, one of the critical issues the difficulty to obtain a credible 3-D training image. However, bidimensional (2-D) training images are often available because established workflows exist to 15 derive 2-D sections from scattered boreholes and/or other samples. In this work, we propose a locality-based MPS approach to reconstruct 3-D geological models on the basis of such 2-D cross-sections, making 3-D training images unnecessary. Only several local training sub-sections closer to the central uninformed node are used in the MPS simulation. The main advantages of this partitioned search strategy are the high computational efficiency and a relaxation of the stationarity assumption. We embed this strategy into a standard MPS framework. Two probability aggregation formulas and their 20 combinations are used to assemble the probability density functions (pdfs) from different sub-sections. Moreover, a novel strategy is adopted to capture more stable pdfs, where the distances between patterns and flexible neighborhoods are integrated on several multiple grids. A series of sensitivity analyses demonstrate the stability of the proposed approach. Several hydrogeological 3-D application examples illustrate the applicability of our approach in reproducing complex geological features. The results, in comparison with previous MPS methods, show better performance in portraying 25 anisotropy characteristics and in CPU cost.

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“…However, it can be a cumbersome process generating the auxiliary variable. Furthermore, it is even possible to use probability grids in place of the actual soft data variable, as in snesim, if desired (Mariethoz et al, 2015). Depending on the setup and dataset, DS can be computationally as fast as snesim.…”

Section: Direct Sampling Simulation -Dsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrostratigraphic modeling using multiple-point statistics and airborne transient electromagnetic methods

Barfod

Møller

Christiansen

et al. 2018

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Creating increasingly realistic groundwater models involves the inclusion of additional geological and geophysical data in the hydrostratigraphic modeling procedure. Using multiple-point statistics (MPS) for stochastic hydrostratigraphic modeling provides a degree of flexibility that allows the incorporation of elaborate datasets and provides a framework for stochastic hydrostratigraphic modeling. This paper focuses on comparing three MPS methods: snesim, DS and iqsim. The MPS methods are tested and compared on a real-world hydrogeophysical survey from Kasted in Denmark, which covers an area of 45 km 2 . A controlled test environment, similar to a synthetic test case, is constructed from the Kasted survey and is used to compare the modeling results of the three aforementioned MPS methods. The comparison of the stochastic hydrostratigraphic MPS models is carried out in an elaborate scheme of visual inspection, mathematical similarity and consistency with boreholes. Using the Kasted survey data, an example for modeling new survey areas is presented. A cognitive hydrostratigraphic model of one area is used as a training image (TI) to create a suite of stochastic hydrostratigraphic models in a new survey area. The advantage of stochastic modeling is that detailed multiple point information from one area can be easily transferred to another area considering uncertainty.The presented MPS methods each have their own set of advantages and disadvantages. The DS method had average computation times of 6-7 h, which is large, compared to iqsim with average computation times of 10-12 min. However, iqsim generally did not properly constrain the nearsurface part of the spatially dense soft data variable. The computation time of 2-3 h for snesim was in between DS and iqsim. The snesim implementation used here is part of the Stanford Geostatistical Modeling Software, or SGeMS. The snesim setup was not trivial, with numerous parameter settings, usage of multiple grids and a search-tree database. However, once the parameters had been set it yielded comparable results to the other methods. Both iqsim and DS are easy to script and run in parallel on a server, which is not the case for the snesim implementation in SGeMS.

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Constraining distance-based multipoint simulations to proportions and trends

Cited by 26 publications

References 50 publications

Lattice Boltzmann Simulations of Fluid Flow in Continental Carbonate Reservoir Rocks and in Upscaled Rock Models Generated with Multiple-Point Geostatistics

Lattice Boltzmann Simulations of Fluid Flow in Continental Carbonate Reservoir Rocks and in Upscaled Rock Models Generated with Multiple-Point Geostatistics

Response to Reviewer #1

Hydrostratigraphic modeling using multiple-point statistics and airborne transient electromagnetic methods

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