Constrained Geographical Mobility and Gendered Labor Market Outcomes Under Structural Adjustment: Evidence from Egypt

Assaad, Ragui; Arntz, Melanie

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.08.007

Cited by 72 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The data presented in Table IV show that public sector jobs are more accessible and favourable to women's employment (Horton, 1999;Assaad & Arntz, 2004). Features of the public sector have encouraged this tendency.…”

Section: Women's Practices Of Self-autonomy In the Labour Market And mentioning

confidence: 94%

Higher Education and Some Upper Egyptian Women's Negotiation of Self-Autonomy at Work and Home

EL-Halawany

2009

Research in Comparative and International Education

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This research aims to compare the effect of higher education on some Upper Egyptian women's practice of self autonomy at both work and home. The most important revelation this research makes is the fact that although no one can deny the importance and significance of higher education to Upper Egyptian women, yet it failed to challenge the traditional gender division of work. Hence, it affected negatively Upper Egyptian women's perceptions of self-autonomy. The empirical evidence laid down in this research emphasizes that the relationship between women's higher education and their self-autonomy, empowerment, and gender equality yields consistently positive effects of education on some aspects, especially on their participation in decision-making at home. However, women seem to be unaware of their possession of such power. For other aspects of women's life, the empirical evidence suggests that a range of underlying social, cultural and especially economic conditions need to be more favourable in order for women's higher education to have a beneficial effect on gender equality and women's mastery of self-autonomy.A humanizing education is the path through which men and women can become conscious about their presence in the world. (Freire, 1989, p. 14)

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Section: Women's Practices Of Self-autonomy In the Labour Market And mentioning

confidence: 94%

Higher Education and Some Upper Egyptian Women's Negotiation of Self-Autonomy at Work and Home

EL-Halawany

2009

Research in Comparative and International Education

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“…Particularly in a country such as Egypt, where men's and women's roles both in the household and on the market differ, one may suspect that, unless these roles are challenged, female labour supply will be relatively inelastic to changes in the labour supply of male household members. If women do respond, it is reasonable to expect that the bulk of women's labour supply response will be in non-wage market and subsistence work given the constraints on women's labour supply choices, including their inability to undertake long commutes and to accept certain types of jobs, in particular in the private sector (Assaad and Arntz, 2005;Assaad and El-Hamidi, 2009). Both unpaid family and subsistence work also enables women to combine work with their domestic chores.…”

Section: Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Egyptian men working abroad: Labour supply responses by the women left behind

2011

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“…We already mentioned that the possibilities for female employment are higher in the tertiary sector. Especially public sector jobs are favorable to women's employment, because the shorter and more regular hours are more compatible with domestic duties and governmental agencies are less able to discriminate on the basis of sex (Assaad & Arntz, 2005). But also in manufacturing there are some industries that offer possibilities for women.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in labor market participation of married women in Turkey

Gündüz-Hosgör

Smits

2008

Women's Studies International Forum

102

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We explore the role of paid work in women ' IntroductionThe labor market participation (LMP) of women varies much among developing countries. There are countries were over 60 percent of adult women is gainfully employed (e.g. Kazakhstan, Cambodia, Ghana), but there are also countries (e.g. Algeria, Egypt, Iran) where less than 20 percent of women is engaged in one or another form of paid labor (ILO, 2006; UN, 2007). Given the central role of work for the empowerment of women, it is important to increase our understanding of the factors that promote or hinder female employment in developing countries. In this paper, we aim to do this by studying the factors that influence women's LMP in Turkey. Turkey is a very interesting case for such a study, because it combines a low level of women's LMP with a strong polarization among the women who are employed. Whereas only one third of married women in Turkey declares themselves to be employed, and many of these women work as (often unpaid) family workers, there is also a small group of highly educated professional women who occupy high-status white collar jobs in the formal economy (ILO, 2006;Gündüz-Hoşgör, 1997; SIS, 2006;Tansel, 2002). To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying this variation, we analyze the effects of socio-economic, cultural, demographic, and geographic background factors on the employment status and occupational position of women in Turkey. Being employed is seen as a major instrument in making women less dependent on their families, which may free them from the suppressing influence of the patriarchal ideologies that stress a subordinate position of women.Central in the paper is the labor market position of married women, categorized as "housewife", "unpaid or paid farm worker", "manual worker", "lower nonmanual worker" or "upper nonmanual worker". Using a large individual-level data set, we determine the effects of characteristics of the women themselves, of their husbands and the households they are living in, and of their (family-)backgrounds on their chances of being in each of these labor market positions. We also study whether there are differences in labor market position between women living in different regions of Turkey, between women living in cities or in the countryside, and between migrant women (who Women's employment in Turkey 3 may be less influenced by their families) and woman who stayed in their region of origin.In the next section, we present an overview of the literature relevant for women's LMP in developing countries. After that, we focus on the situation in Turkey. Theoretical BackgroundRegarding the factors that may influence the labor market position of women in developing countries, several theoretical positions can be distinguished. First, there is classical modernization theory, which relates a country's rate of female LMP to the country's phase in the modernization process by which agrarian societies are transformed into post-industrial ones. Processes that go together with industrialization --like changes in the...

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Constrained Geographical Mobility and Gendered Labor Market Outcomes Under Structural Adjustment: Evidence from Egypt

Cited by 72 publications

References 18 publications

Higher Education and Some Upper Egyptian Women's Negotiation of Self-Autonomy at Work and Home

Higher Education and Some Upper Egyptian Women's Negotiation of Self-Autonomy at Work and Home

Egyptian men working abroad: Labour supply responses by the women left behind

Variation in labor market participation of married women in Turkey

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