2021
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.689707
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Constitutive TRIM22 Expression in the Respiratory Tract Confers a Pre-Existing Defence Against Influenza A Virus Infection

Abstract: The induction of antiviral effector proteins as part of a homeostatically controlled innate immune response to infection plays a critical role in limiting the propagation and transmission of respiratory pathogens. However, the prolonged induction of this immune response can lead to lung hyperinflammation, tissue damage, and respiratory failure. We hypothesized that tissues exposed to the constant threat of infection may constitutively express higher levels of antiviral effector proteins to reduce the need to a… Show more

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Cited by 10 publications
(11 citation statements)
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References 67 publications
(167 reference statements)
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“…Morphology, growth rate as well as IFN response of immortalised fibroblasts and endothelial cells were monitored over time (up to passage 15) and were similar to relative bovine and ovine primary cells. As previously described, this system has been demonstrated to extend the life span of the cells without compromising interferon signalling [85, 86]. Single cell clones of endothelial cells were selected, amplified, and screened for interferon competency.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Morphology, growth rate as well as IFN response of immortalised fibroblasts and endothelial cells were monitored over time (up to passage 15) and were similar to relative bovine and ovine primary cells. As previously described, this system has been demonstrated to extend the life span of the cells without compromising interferon signalling [85, 86]. Single cell clones of endothelial cells were selected, amplified, and screened for interferon competency.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, several RNA and DNA viruses are restricted, and many other yet unknown viruses may be sensitive to their antiviral function. Moreover, SNPs in genes involved in the innate immune system can affect the likelihood of a clinical course of viral infection [4,6,12]. In other words, this was the first study to investigate whether the TRIM22 SNPs genotypes affect the recovery or severity of COVID-19 infection.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…TRIM22 is involved in cell restriction of a wide variety of viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), influenza A virus, encephalomyocarditis virus, and herpes simplex virus, and also TRIM22 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have antiviral effect in several viral infections such as measles, HBV, HCV, and HIV [6,7].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…If viruses are able to penetrate non-specific barrier defenses, the activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) activates innate immune defenses by pathogen- and damage-associated molecular mechanisms (PAMPs and DAMPs, respectively), which culminates in the secretion of cytokines as well as in the induction of the interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) products ( 4 , 5 ). These products have many antiviral effector proteins used by the innate immune system to control infection homeostatically and limit the spread and transmission of respiratory pathogens ( 6 , 7 ). Constitutive expression of host factors allows for a pre-existing level of immunity for susceptible cells until the intracellular immunity is activated to clear the infection ( 8 ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, the induced expression of these proteins from low baseline levels to high functional levels has an effect on infection control. However, the induction of this immune response over an extended period of time results in respiratory failure, lung hyperinflammation, and tissue damage ( 7 , 9 ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%