The TEL-JAK2 gene fusion, which has been identified in human leukemia, encodes a chimeric protein endowed with constitutive tyrosine kinase activity. TEL-JAK2 transgenic expression in the mouse lymphoid lineage results in fatal and rapid T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. In the present report we show that T-cell leukemic cells from ESR␣-TEL-JAK2 transgenic mice present an aberrant CD8 ؉ differentiation phenotype, as determined by the expression of stage-specific cell surface markers and lineage-specific genes. TEL-JAK2 transforms immature CD4 ؊ CD8 ؊ double-negative thymocytes, as demonstrated by the development of T-cell leukemia with full penetrance in a Rag2-deficient genetic background. This disease is similar to the bona fide TEL-JAK2 disease as assessed by phenotypic and gene profiling analyses. Pre-TCR signaling synergizes with TEL-JAK2 to transform immature thymocytes and initiate leukemogenesis as shown by (1) the delayed leukemia onset in Rag2-, CD3⑀-and pT␣-deficient mice, (2) the occurrence of recurrent chromosomal alterations in pre-TCR-deficient leukemia, and (3) the correction of delayed leukemia onset in Rag2-deficient TEL-JAK2 mice by an H-Y TCR␣ transgene that mimics pre-TCR signaling. Although not affecting leukemia incidence and mouse survival, TCR␣ expression was shown to facilitate leukemic cell expansion in secondary lymphoid organs.
IntroductionIn the thymus, T cells develop from a common CD4 Ϫ CD8 Ϫ double-negative (DN) progenitor into 2 main lineages, ␣ and ␥␦, which are defined by the selection of productive rearrangements in the respective T-cell receptor (TCR) loci (for a review, see Aifantis et al 1 ). In mice, DN thymocytes are divided in 4 categories according to CD25 and CD44 expression: DN1 (CD25 Ϫ CD44 ϩ ), DN2 (CD25 ϩ CD44 ϩ ), DN3 (CD25 ϩ CD44 Ϫ ), and DN4 (CD25 Ϫ CD44 Ϫ ). Rag-mediated rearrangement of the TCR locus at the DN3 stage leads to cell surface expression of a functional TCR chain, which assembles with the surrogate pT␣ chain and CD3-signaling proteins to form the pre-TCR complex. Constitutive survival, proliferation, and differentiation signals emanating from the pre-TCR allow T cells to pass through the -selection checkpoint and mature to the DN4, CD4 Ϫ CD8 ϩ immature single-positive (ISP) and CD4 ϩ CD8 ϩ double-positive (DP) stages. The -selected cells rearrange their TCR␣ locus, and only the minority of cells expressing a functional TCR␣ complex at the cell surface will either undergo negative selection and die or undergo positive selection and become mature CD4 or CD8 single-positive (SP) thymocytes.Chromosomal rearrangements or point mutations in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes occur in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), uncommitted and committed lymphoid progenitors, or developing thymocytes, thus leading to T-cell leukemia. Chromosomal translocations involving the juxtaposition of protooncogenes to the promoter and enhancer sequences of TCR loci result in deregulated oncogene expression. Chromosomal translocations can also create fusion genes encoding fu...