Constitutive Relations for the Non Elastic Deformation of Polycrystalline Ice

Structure, Function, and Regulation of Insulin‐like Growth Factors in Fish

“…During the same period, the multiplication of trout spermatogonia is strongly stimulated by IGF-I or IGF-II. 20 Thus, IGFs appear to be involved in reproduction at the peripheral and central levels, and this could explain, in part, the relationship existing between high growth rate and induction of puberty.…”

“…However, one amino acid substitution occurs in one of the three regions implicated in the interaction with IGF binding proteins (IGF-BPs). In fact, specific binding of human IGF-I to the type 1 IGF receptor 4,7,16,18,20,27,32,34 and plasma IGF binding proteins 1,14,20,42,43,45 is observed in all groups of fish studied (Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, Salmoniformes, Cypriniformes, and Perciformes). Moreover, human IGF-I exerts a biological effect in Chondrichthyes and different…”

“…However, none of the regions known to interact with the IGF-BPs or with the type 1 receptor is modified. In fact, human IGF-II is able to bind to the type 1 IGF receptor and to the plasma proteins of Agnatha, Chondrichthyes and Salmoniformes 4,7,20,32 and is biologically active. 4,20 On the other hand, trout IGF-II contains one amino acid difference in one of the two regions known in mammals to bind to the IGF-II/mannose-6-phosphate-receptor (IGF-II/M-6-P receptor).…”

“…In fact, human IGF-II is able to bind to the type 1 IGF receptor and to the plasma proteins of Agnatha, Chondrichthyes and Salmoniformes 4,7,20,32 and is biologically active. 4,20 On the other hand, trout IGF-II contains one amino acid difference in one of the two regions known in mammals to bind to the IGF-II/mannose-6-phosphate-receptor (IGF-II/M-6-P receptor). In fact, binding of mammal IGF-II to the IGF-II/M-6-P receptor was not observed in Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, and Teleostei species studied 7 (Blaise et al,unpublished).…”

Transient creep of polycrystalline ice under uniaxial compression: an assessment of internal state variable models

“…The deformation processes which should be the foundation of the models are described. The models of Le Gac and Duval (1980) and of Sunder and Wu (1989a) are tested against two uniaxial compression tests on isotropic granular ice under varying load. They fail to describe both primary creep and the response to increments/decrements of the applied load.…”