Constitutive Modelling of the Glass Transition and Related Phenomena: Relaxation of Shear Stress Under Pressure

Abstract

In industrial fabrication processes as well as in many applications of polymer parts, the glass transition plays a significant role. This is due to high mechanical processing speeds, high temperatures or large cooling rates. The mechanical, the thermomechanical and the caloric properties of polymers differ below and above the glass transition which is a thermoviscoelastic phenomenon. It depends on the ratio between the intrinsic time scale of the polymer and that of the thermomechanical loading process. If both scales are comparable, the material is in the glass transition region. Otherwise it is in the equilibrium or in the glassy region. In the industry, there are increasing demands to simulate fabrication processes in order to estimate the resulting behaviour of the polymer parts before they are manufactured. To this end, constitutive models of finite thermoviscoelasticity are needed which can represent the volumetric as well as the isochoric mechanical behaviour of the polymer in combination with the caloric and the thermomechanical properties. In a recent paper of the authors, the concept of a hybrid free energy has been developed. This approach will be applied in the current essay where the pressure-dependent relaxation behaviour under shear deformations is of interest.