Constitutive modeling of the Mullins effect and cyclic stress softening in filled elastomers

Dargazany, Roozbeh; Itskov, Mikhail

doi:10.1103/physreve.88.012602

Cited by 65 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The difference with the work of Clément et al [70] is the use of the spatially uniform strain amplification which is not correct since inhomogeneous strain fields were demonstrated by atomic force microscopy. Dargazany and Itskov [77,78] have proposed a micro-mechanical model for carbon-black fillers where damage of the polymer network is considered as a consequence of chain sliding on or debonding from aggregates.…”

Section: Tensile Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Elastomer Nanocomposites Based on Different Carbon Nanomaterials

Bokobza¹

2017

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Carbon nanostructures including carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphite or graphene have attracted a tremendous interest as fillers for elastomeric compounds. The preparation methods of nanocomposites that have a strong impact on the state of filler dispersion and thus on the properties of the resulting composites, are briefly described. At a same filler loading, considerable improvement in stiffness is imparted to the host polymeric matrix by the carbon nanomaterials with regard to that provided by the conventional carbon black particles. It is mainly attributed to the high aspect ratio of the nanostructures rather than to strong polymer-filler interactions. The orienting capability of the anisotropic fillers under strain as well the formation of a filler network, have to be taken into account to explain the high level of reinforcements. A comparison of the efficiency of the different carbon nanostructures is carried out through their mechanical and electrical properties but no clear picture can be obtained since the composite properties are strongly affected by the state of filler dispersion.

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Section: Tensile Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Elastomer Nanocomposites Based on Different Carbon Nanomaterials

Bokobza¹

2017

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“…By analogy, the stress "lost" to strain softening of rubber can be recovered if the material is returned to its original prestrain length. When at room temperature <20% recovery is observed, but at 95 to 100 • C the material can recover 80% to 100% of its "lost" stress after 1 to 2 days (89,95), depending on the cross-linking (vulcanizing) material used in the rubber. One model of strain softening in rubber is that the loss of stress with repeated load-unload cycles to a given strain involves dissipative friction due to internal sliding of the macromolecular chains, and to sliding of the connecting chains on the reinforcing filler particles (64).…”

Section: Figure 26mentioning

confidence: 95%

Mechanics of Vascular Smooth Muscle

Ratz

2015

Comprehensive Physiology

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Vascular smooth muscle (VSM; see Table 1 for a list of abbreviations) is a heterogeneous biomaterial comprised of cells and extracellular matrix. By surrounding tubes of endothelial cells, VSM forms a regulated network, the vasculature, through which oxygenated blood supplies specialized organs, permitting the development of large multicellular organisms. VSM cells, the engine of the vasculature, house a set of regulated nanomotors that permit rapid stress-development, sustained stress-maintenance and vessel constriction. Viscoelastic materials within, surrounding and attached to VSM cells, comprised largely of polymeric proteins with complex mechanical characteristics, assist the engine with countering loads imposed by the heart pump, and with control of relengthening after constriction. The complexity of this smart material can be reduced by classical mechanical studies combined with circuit modeling using spring and dashpot elements. Evaluation of the mechanical characteristics of VSM requires a more complete understanding of the mechanics and regulation of its biochemical parts, and ultimately, an understanding of how these parts work together to form the machinery of the vascular tree. Current molecular studies provide detailed mechanical data about single polymeric molecules, revealing viscoelasticity and plasticity at the protein domain level, the unique biological slip-catch bond, and a regulated two-step actomyosin power stroke. At the tissue level, new insight into acutely dynamic stress-strain behavior reveals smooth muscle to exhibit adaptive plasticity. At its core, physiology aims to describe the complex interactions of molecular systems, clarifying structure-function relationships and regulation of biological machines. The intent of this review is to provide a comprehensive presentation of one biomachine, VSM.

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“…There are different theories on contribution of clusters to the deformation-induced damage of the matrix, and rubber in particular. Some associate damage to the yielding and reformation of the clusters [26][27][28][29], some to gradual softening of the particle-particle bonds [30][31][32], and some to the changes in cluster sizes and structural rearrangement [33][34][35]. So far, no consensus on the micromechanics of PC clusters has emerged and, despite its ubiquity and significance, it remains far from understood; even the classification of interparticle forces is not agreed on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Micromechanical model for isolated polymer-colloid clusters under tension

et al. 2016

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Binary polymer-colloid (PC) composites form the majority of biological load-bearing materials. Due to the abundance of the polymer and particles, and their simple aggregation process, PC clusters are used broadly by nature to create biomaterials with a variety of functions. However, our understanding of the mechanical features of the clusters and their load transfer mechanism is limited. Our main focus in this paper is the elastic behavior of close-packed PC clusters formed in the presence of polymer linkers. Therefore, a micromechanical model is proposed to predict the constitutive behavior of isolated polymer-colloid clusters under tension. The mechanical response of a cluster is considered to be governed by a backbone chain, which is the stress path that transfers most of the applied load. The developed model can reproduce the mean behavior of the clusters and is not dependent on their local geometry. The model utilizes four geometrical parameters for defining six shape descriptor functions which can affect the geometrical change of the clusters in the course of deformation. The predictions of the model are benchmarked against an extensive set of simulations by coarse-grained-Brownian dynamics, where clusters with different shapes and sizes were considered. The model exhibits good agreement with these simulations, which, besides its relative simplicity, makes the model an excellent add-on module for implementation into multiscale models of nanocomposites.

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Constitutive modeling of the Mullins effect and cyclic stress softening in filled elastomers

Cited by 65 publications

References 56 publications

Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Elastomer Nanocomposites Based on Different Carbon Nanomaterials

Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Elastomer Nanocomposites Based on Different Carbon Nanomaterials

Mechanics of Vascular Smooth Muscle

Micromechanical model for isolated polymer-colloid clusters under tension

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