Constitutive behaviour of A356 during the quenching operation

Estey, Christina Michelle; Cockcroft, S. L.; Maijer, Daan M.; Hermesmann, Christopher Marc

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2004.06.004

Cited by 52 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…At high strain rates ($0.05 s À1 ), the as-solutionized flow stresses are substantially different than those in the final T6 and as-cast conditions, [13] causing the increased error at G 3 . At low strain rates, the flow stress data are similar for all three conditions, [13] thus reducing the relative error.…”

Section: Residual Stress Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The specimens were heated at 10°C/s to a solution temperature of 540°C and held for 30 seconds following a procedure similar to that used in the previous work. [13] The specimens were then cooled to the compression temperature at a significantly higher cooling rate (20°C/s instead of 5°C/s) than that used by Estey et al [13] Upon reaching the testing temperature, the specimens were held isothermally to allow thermal stabilization (Table I for hold times). Compression was then applied to a maximum strain of 0.6.…”

Section: A Flow Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elastic properties included the Young's modulus (70 GPa) and Poisson ratio (0.3). The stress-strain data describing the constitutive behavior of A356's flow stress as a function of temperature (up to 500°C), strain (up to 0.6), and strain rate (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 s À1 ) in the as-solutionized condition were determined by linearly interpolating tabulated experimental data from both this study (experimental section) and the work of Estey et al [13] In order to avoid bulk motion of the wheel, one node was fixed in all directions while the nodes along two perpendicular cut planes passing through the center of the wheel had their displacements fixed normal to the plane.…”

Section: Stress Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most prior measurements are for the fully heat treated or as-cast state. Only one study was found, by Estey et al, [13] who performed a series of isothermal compression tests on A356 samples in the as-solutionized condition over a wide range of temperatures (200 to 500°C) and strain rates (0.001, 0.1, and 1 s À1 ) including those experienced during the quenching operation. However, the most important strain rate range during quenching of automotive components was found to be between 0.001 and 0.1 s À1 [4] ; therefore, more experimental data are required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulating the Residual Stress in an A356 Automotive Wheel and Its Impact on Fatigue Life

Maijer

Lindley

et al. 2007

Metall Mater Trans B

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Keeping the weight of unsprung rotating components low is critical for fuel efficiency in automobiles; therefore, cast aluminum alloys are the current material of choice for wheels. However, pores formed during solidification can combine with residual stresses and in-service loads to reduce the fatigue life of this safety critical part. In this study, a model of the residual stresses arising from the quench stage of a T6 heat treatment was developed. The resulting predictions were compared to residual strain measurements made on quenched wheels via a strain gage/sectioning technique. The predictions were shown to be sensitive to the alloy's flow stress behavior, yet no data were available for the temperature-dependent and strain-rate-dependent inelastic behavior of A356 in the as-solutionized condition. Measurements of this behavior were made using a GLEEBLE 3500, and the data were incorporated into the model, significantly improving the correlation between model and experiment. In order to determine the influence of residual stress upon the final fatigue performance of the wheel during service, the change in stress level due to machining was first calculated. The residual stress was then compounded together with a service stress to determine the local stress at all points in the wheel during idealized operation. Finally, the fatigue behavior was predicted using a unified initiation and propagation model based on this local stress and an idealized pore size.

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Section: Residual Stress Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Flow Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stress Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulating the Residual Stress in an A356 Automotive Wheel and Its Impact on Fatigue Life

Maijer

Lindley

et al. 2007

Metall Mater Trans B

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“…During quenching, the part shrinks because of the temperature drop. The nonuniform thermal shrinkage of the part is constrained by the geometric structure and material properties that vary with temperatures and strain rates ( Ref 2,[11][12][13]. Thus, an accurate representation of the material behavior at different temperatures and strain rates is extremely important to the simulation results.…”

Section: Numerical Simulation Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of Residual Stresses in Water-Quenched Aluminum Alloy Castings

Xiao

Wang³

et al. 2011

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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Aluminum alloy castings are normally water quenched after solution treatment to improve mechanical properties. Rapid water quenching can result in high-residual stress and severe distortion which significantly affect functionality and performance of the products. To optimize product design and durability, one needs to model and predict residual stress and distortion produced in the water-quenched components. In this article, a finite element-based approach was developed to simulate the transient heat transfer and residual stress development during water quenching. In this approach, an iterative zone-based heat transfer algorithm was coupled with material constitutive model called mechanical threshold stress (MTS). With the integrated models, a good agreement was achieved between the numerically predicted and the experimentally measured residual stresses in the aluminum alloy frame-shape casting. The integrated FEA-based heat transfer and residual stress models were also applied to a water-quenched cast aluminum cylinder head with a great success.

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Predicting the Response of Aluminum Casting Alloys to Heat Treatment

Wu¹,

Makhlouf²

2011

Light Metals 2011

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The objective of this research was to develop and verify a mathematical model and the necessary material database that allow predicting the physical and material property changes that occur in aluminum casting alloys in response to precipitationhardening heat treatment. The model accounts for all three steps of the typical precipitation hardening heat treatment; i.e., the solutionizing, quenching, and aging steps; and it allows predicting the local hardness and tensile strength, and the local residual stresses, distortion and dimensional changes that develop in the cast component during each step of the heat treatment process.

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Constitutive behaviour of A356 during the quenching operation

Cited by 52 publications

References 6 publications

Simulating the Residual Stress in an A356 Automotive Wheel and Its Impact on Fatigue Life

Simulating the Residual Stress in an A356 Automotive Wheel and Its Impact on Fatigue Life

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of Residual Stresses in Water-Quenched Aluminum Alloy Castings

Predicting the Response of Aluminum Casting Alloys to Heat Treatment

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