“…The surfaces of the sample specimens were smoothened and maintained flat to obtain a uniform load distribution. A 0.8 mm diameter hole was drilled at the mid-height of the composite samples to insert a thermocouple in order to measure the temperature of the inner portion; thus, the adiabatic principle can be applied to this study [22,23]. The hot deformation tests were carried out in a FIE servo-controlled Universal Testing Machine with the capacity of 100 KN.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…7 and 8 show the evidence for the instability zone, such as pores, crack initiation and propagation, twinning and shear bands. These types of structures have been observed either at higher strain rates or lower temperatures [22,26].…”
The hot deformation behaviour of extruded magnesium-zinc oxide nano composite has been studied using hot compression test. The test was conducted in the temperature range of 250-400°C and in the strain rate range of 0.01 to 1.5 s −1 .The processing map was obtained using the power dissipation efficiency with the functions of temperature and strain rate. The workability and instability domains were observed in the processing map for a nano composite. The optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were used to confirm the formation of dynamic recrystallization (DRX), dynamic recovery (DRY) and instability regions. The workability region of the composite was identified at a working temperature of 400°C and the strain rate of 0.01 s −1 from the processing map. The instability regions were observed at higher strain rates (>0.1 s −1 ) and temperatures (250-400°C).
“…The surfaces of the sample specimens were smoothened and maintained flat to obtain a uniform load distribution. A 0.8 mm diameter hole was drilled at the mid-height of the composite samples to insert a thermocouple in order to measure the temperature of the inner portion; thus, the adiabatic principle can be applied to this study [22,23]. The hot deformation tests were carried out in a FIE servo-controlled Universal Testing Machine with the capacity of 100 KN.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…7 and 8 show the evidence for the instability zone, such as pores, crack initiation and propagation, twinning and shear bands. These types of structures have been observed either at higher strain rates or lower temperatures [22,26].…”
The hot deformation behaviour of extruded magnesium-zinc oxide nano composite has been studied using hot compression test. The test was conducted in the temperature range of 250-400°C and in the strain rate range of 0.01 to 1.5 s −1 .The processing map was obtained using the power dissipation efficiency with the functions of temperature and strain rate. The workability and instability domains were observed in the processing map for a nano composite. The optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were used to confirm the formation of dynamic recrystallization (DRX), dynamic recovery (DRY) and instability regions. The workability region of the composite was identified at a working temperature of 400°C and the strain rate of 0.01 s −1 from the processing map. The instability regions were observed at higher strain rates (>0.1 s −1 ) and temperatures (250-400°C).
“…Fiber metal laminate (FML) materials are very different from traditional fiber-reinforced metal matrix composite materials, [1,2] consisting of alternative layers of composite layers and metal sheets. It is widely used as the fuselage skin material in aircraft due to their superior fatigue behavior and high impact resistance.…”
“…The constitutive equations for solid phase containing liquid phase have been investigated thoroughly in literature. Qi et al [13] investigated the constitutive behavior of C /AZ91D composites compressed at elevated temperature and containing a small fraction of liquid. Giraud et al [14] investigated the high temperature compression behavior of a solid representative of the solid phase of the alloy within the solidification range by use of a drained compressive test, and the constitutive equation of the solid phase present in a semisolid 6061 alloy at a given temperature was determined.…”
Liquid-solid extrusion process is a combined process of casting and extrusion which can be used to form tubes or bars directly from liquid metal. The performance of products is enhanced through the large deformation and the solidification under pressure with less shrinkage cavity or porosity. Numerical simulation of this process is hard to run for it involves mechanical modeling of the dynamic transition from liquid phase to solid phase. The liquid zone and solid zone were modeled independently for reasons of their different characteristics of deformation. The deformation of liquid zone was described according to the principle of element removal method which eliminates the elemental distortion during the simulation. The solidified zone under elevated temperature was modeled through the hyperbolic sine constitutive equation. The dynamic transitions from liquid phase to solid phase were determined based on the results of thermal analysis. The mechanical model coupled with solidification proposed in this paper was verified through the experiments of liquid-solid extrusion of LY12 alloy.
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