Constitutive and Inducible Resistance to Thrips Do Not Correlate With Differences in Trichome Density or Enzymatic-Related Defenses in Chrysanthemum

Gang, Chen; Klinkhamer, Peter G. L.; Escobar‐Bravo, Rocío

doi:10.1007/s10886-020-01222-1

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 67 publications

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“…While MeJA application has been described to induce resistance against the two-spotted spider mite (Warabieda et al, 2005), most studies concerning elicitor use in the Rosaceae family frequently evaluated postharvest effects of elicitor treatments rather than defense responses during cultivation. Congruent with the reported effects of JA-mediated plant-induced defenses on thrips in tomato (Chen et al, 2018(Chen et al, , 2020 and chrysanthemum (Escobar-Bravo et al, 2017) showed that thrips feeding damage was significantly reduced upon repeated MeJA foliar sprays during the nursery phase. The three commercial cultivars varied inherently in thrips susceptibility, with the cultivar Delizzimo being more susceptible than the cultivars Elan or Rowena.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Elicitor Application in Strawberry Results in Long-Term Increase of Plant Resilience Without Yield Loss

et al. 2021

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For a first step integrating elicitor applications into the current IPM strategy increasing plant resilience against pests, we investigated repeated elicitor treatments in a strawberry everbearer nursery and cropping cycle under glass. During nursery methyl-jasmonate (MeJA), testing induction of defenses with plant bioassays was applied every 3 weeks. Thrips damage and reproduction by spider mites, whitefly and aphids were strongly reduced upon elicitor treatment. Subsequently, we applied MeJA every 3 weeks or based on scouting pests during a whole cropping cycle. Thrips leaf bioassays and LC-MS leaf metabolomics were applied to investigate the induction of defenses. Leaf damage by thrips was lower for both MeJA application schemes compared to the control except for the last weeks. While elicitor treatments after scouting also reduced damage, its effect did not last. Thrips damage decreased from vegetative to mature plants during the cropping cycle. At the end of the nursery phase, plants in the elicitor treatment were smaller. Surprisingly, growth during production was not affected by MeJA application, as were fruit yield and quality. LC-MS leaf metabolomics showed strong induction of vegetative plants decreasing during the maturation of plants toward the end of cultivation. Concurrently, no increase in the JA-inducible marker PPO was observed when measured toward the end of cultivation. Mostly flavonoid and phenolic glycosides known as plant defense compounds were induced upon MeJA application. While induced defense decreased with the maturation of plants, constitutive defense increased as measured in the leaf metabolome of control plants. Our data propose that young, relatively small plant stages lack constitutive defense necessitating an active JA defense response. As plants, mature constitutive defense metabolites seem to accumulate, providing a higher level of basal resistance. Our results have important implications for but are not limited to strawberry cultivation. We demonstrated that repeated elicitor application could be deployed as part of an integrated approach for sustainable crop protection by vertical integration with other management tactics and horizontal integration to control multiple pests concurrently. This approach forms a promising potential for long-term crop protection in greenhouses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Elicitor Application in Strawberry Results in Long-Term Increase of Plant Resilience Without Yield Loss

et al. 2021

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Cultivar-Specific Defense Responses in Wild and Cultivated Squash Induced by Belowground and Aboveground Herbivory

Ye,

Di Caprio,

Bruno

et al. 2024

J Chem Ecol

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Plant domestication often alters plant traits, including chemical and physical defenses against herbivores. In squash, domestication leads to reduced levels of cucurbitacins and leaf trichomes, influencing interactions with insects. However, the impact of domestication on inducible defenses in squash remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the chemical and physical defensive traits of wild and domesticated squash (Cucurbita argyrosperma), and compared their responses to belowground and aboveground infestation by the root-feeding larvae and the leaf-chewing adults of the banded cucumber beetle Diabrotica balteata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Wild populations contained cucurbitacins in roots and cotyledons but not in leaves, whereas domesticated varieties lacked cucurbitacins in all tissues. Belowground infestation by D. balteata larvae did not increase cucurbitacin levels in the roots but triggered the expression of cucurbitacin biosynthetic genes, irrespective of domestication status, although the response varied among different varieties. Conversely, whereas wild squash had more leaf trichomes than domesticated varieties, the induction of leaf trichomes in response to herbivory was greater in domesticated plants. Leaf herbivory varied among varieties but there was a trend of higher leaf damage on wild squash than domesticated varieties. Overall, squash plants responded to both belowground and aboveground herbivory by activating chemical defense-associated gene expression in roots and upregulating their physical defense in leaves, respectively. While domestication suppressed both chemical and physical defenses, our findings suggest that it may enhance inducible defense mechanisms by increasing trichome induction in response to herbivory.

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Morphological and Biochemical Factors Associated with Constitutive Defense to Thrips in Alfalfa

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2022

Agronomy

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Plants have evolved a series of inducible or constitutive defense mechanisms in response to herbivore attack. Constitutive plant defenses are morphological and biochemical traits of the plants themselves, regardless of the presence of herbivores. We bred an alfalfa variety (Caoyuan No.4) with high thrips resistance, but the mechanisms underlying Caoyuan No.4 resistance to thrips are not well understood. To explore the constitutive defense of Caoyuan No.4, the morphological and biochemical traits associated with constitutive defense to thrips in alfalfa were analyzed using a thrips-susceptible alfalfa accession (Caoyuan No.2) as a control. The results showed that Caoyuan No.4 had thicker palisade tissue and parenchyma tissue, wider collenchyma, phloem, cambium and lignin layer, and smaller epidermal cells and stomatal aperture compared to Caoyuan No.2. Moreover, Caoyuan No.4 showed more non-glandular trichomes in both leaves and stems, but less glandular trichomes and more wax in stems. In addition, the results of the widely targeted metabolomics analysis showed that metabolites related to flavonoid, isoflavonoid, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, as well as cysteine and methionine metabolism, differed between CaoyuanNo.2 and Caoyuan No.4. These findings shed new light on the constitutive insect defense of plants associated with physical or biochemical traits and may provide convenient markers for breeding thrips-resistant alfalfa cultivars.

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Constitutive and Inducible Resistance to Thrips Do Not Correlate With Differences in Trichome Density or Enzymatic-Related Defenses in Chrysanthemum

Cited by 3 publications

References 67 publications

Elicitor Application in Strawberry Results in Long-Term Increase of Plant Resilience Without Yield Loss

Elicitor Application in Strawberry Results in Long-Term Increase of Plant Resilience Without Yield Loss

Cultivar-Specific Defense Responses in Wild and Cultivated Squash Induced by Belowground and Aboveground Herbivory

Morphological and Biochemical Factors Associated with Constitutive Defense to Thrips in Alfalfa

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