Constitutive and induced forms of membrane-bound proteinase 3 interact with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and promote immune activation of neutrophils

Cathepsin C from extracellular histone-induced M1 alveolar macrophages promotes NETosis during lung ischemia-reperfusion injury

“…Consequently, the infiltrating neutrophils during reperfusion possess active NSP forms, making it improbable for CTSC to reactivate NSPs. However, PR3 is constitutively expressed on neutrophil membranes in addition to its cytoplasmic granular form [ 88 , 89 ]. These membrane-expressed forms of PR3 can cleave precursors of inflammatory cytokines and facilitate their release upon activation [ [61] , [62] , [63] , [64] ].…”