The world has made substantial progress in increasing primary education enrollment rates, particularly among girls, following a series of global commitments to increase access to primary education including the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Rights of the Child, Art. 28 (1989), UN Millennium Development Goal 2 (2000), and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Education for All goals (UNESCO 1990, 2010). The greatest overall increase was among lowincome countries where primary school net enrollment rates increased from 54% in 2000 to an estimated 85% in 2015, and the female-male ratio from 0.85 to 0.94 (UNE-SCO IS 2017a). In eleven countries in sub-Saharan Africa, primary enrollment rates rose at least 20 percentage points from 1999 to 2012 (UNESCO 2015).