Constituents ofCannabis sativa L. XVIII—Electron voltage selected ion monitoring study of cannabinoids

Turner, Carlton E.; Bouwsma, Otis J.; Billets, Steve; ElSohly, Mahmoud A.

doi:10.1002/bms.1200070605

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Because marijuana contains more than 60 cannabinoid components in addition to ⌬ 9 -THC, as well as several hundred noncannabinoid chemicals (Turner et al, 1980), it is plausible that these other constituents may elicit a distinct spectrum of pharmacological effects, alter the pharmacological effects of ⌬ 9 -THC, or a combination. Additionally, it is possible that the route of administration (injection versus inhalation) could modify behavioral effects.…”

Section: N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(24-dichlorophenyl)-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Marijuana Smoke Impairs Memory Retrieval in Mice

Niyuhire

Varvel²,

Martin³

et al. 2007

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Marijuana (Cannabis sativa) and its primary psychoactive component, ␦-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (⌬ 9 -THC), have long been known to disrupt cognition in humans. Although ⌬ 9 -THC and other cannabinoids disrupt performance in a wide range of animal models of learning and memory, few studies have investigated the effects of smoked marijuana in these paradigms. Moreover, in preclinical studies, cannabinoids are generally administered before acquisition, and because retention is generally evaluated soon afterward, it is difficult to distinguish between processes related to acquisition and retrieval. In the present study, we investigated the specific effects of marijuana smoke and injected ⌬ 9 -THC on acquisition versus memory retrieval in a mouse repeated acquisition Morris water-maze task. To distinguish between these processes, subjects were administered ⌬ 9 -THC or they were exposed to marijuana smoke either 30 min before acquisition or 30 min before the retention test. Inhalation of marijuana smoke or injected ⌬ 9 -THC impaired the ability of the mice to learn the location of the hidden platform and to recall the platform location once learning had already taken place. In contrast, neither drug impaired performance in a cued task in which the platform was made visible. Finally, the cannabinoid-1 (CB 1 ) receptor antagonist N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide HCl (rimonabant) blocked the memory disruptive effects of both ⌬ 9 -THC and marijuana. These data represent the first evidence demonstrating that marijuana impairs memory retrieval through a CB 1 receptor mechanism of action and independently of its effects on sensorimotor performance, motivation, and initial acquisition.Marijuana (Cannabis sativa) produces a constellation of effects in humans, including alterations in perception and mood, intoxication, euphoria, increased heart rate, physical dependence upon chronic use, and cognitive impairment (Pacher et al., 2006;Ranganathan and D'Souza, 2006). During the more than 40 years since ⌬ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (⌬ 9 -THC) was first identified as marijuana's primary psychoactive ingredient (Gaoni and Mechoulam, 1964), great strides have been made in understanding its actions in the brain. ⌬ 9 -THC and related chemicals, known as cannabinoids, produce their psychoactive effects by acting at the cannabinoid-1 (CB 1 ) receptor in brain areas associated with learning and memory and elsewhere (Herkenham, 1991). Particular interest has focused on the effects of cannabis on cognition, because both naturally occurring and synthetically derived cannabinoids disrupt performance in a variety of rodent spatial (Lichtman et al

show abstract

Section: N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(24-dichlorophenyl)-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Marijuana Smoke Impairs Memory Retrieval in Mice

Niyuhire

Varvel²,

Martin³

et al. 2007

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cannabinoids and cannabinoid receptors are potential targets for reducing pain and inflammation (Clayton et al., ; Richardson et al., ; Zuardi, ). Cannabis sativa contains approximately 80 different cannabinoids of which Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are primary (Mechoulam and Shvo, ; Mechoulam, ; Turner et al., ). These compounds are chemically similar to endogenous endocannabinoid lipid derivatives including anandamide (arachidonoylethanolamide) and 2‐arachidonoylglycerol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transdermal cannabidiol reduces inflammation and pain‐related behaviours in a rat model of arthritis

Hammell

Zhang

Abshire

et al. 2015

European Journal of Pain

241

168

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Current arthritis treatments often have side-effects attributable to active compounds as well as route of administration. Cannabidiol (CBD) attenuates inflammation and pain without side-effects, but CBD is hydrophobic and has poor oral bioavailability. Topical drug application avoids gastrointestinal administration, first pass metabolism, providing more constant plasma levels. Methods This study examined efficacy of transdermal CBD for reduction in inflammation and pain, assessing any adverse effects in a rat complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced monoarthritic knee joint model. CBD gels (0.6, 3.1, 6.2 or 62.3 mg/day) were applied for 4 consecutive days after arthritis induction. Joint circumference and immune cell invasion in histological sections were measured to indicate level of inflammation. Paw withdrawal latency (PWL) in response to noxious heat stimulation determined nociceptive sensitization, and exploratory behaviour ascertained animal’s activity level. Results Measurement of plasma CBD concentration provided by transdermal absorption revealed linearity with 0.6–6.2 mg/day doses. Transdermal CBD gel significantly reduced joint swelling, limb posture scores as a rating of spontaneous pain, immune cell infiltration and thickening of the synovial membrane in a dose-dependent manner. PWL recovered to near baseline level. Immunohistochemical analysis of spinal cord (CGRP, OX42) and dorsal root ganglia (TNFα) revealed dose-dependent reductions of pro-inflammatory biomarkers. Results showed 6.2 and 62 mg/day were effective doses. Exploratory behaviour was not altered by CBD indicating limited effect on higher brain function. Conclusions These data indicate that topical CBD application has therapeutic potential for relief of arthritis pain-related behaviours and inflammation without evident side-effects.

show abstract

“…cannabis), hence the name “cannabinoid” receptor. It is worth noting that Cannabis sativa produces over 80 cannabinoids, including Δ 9 -THC (Ahmed et al, 2008; Elsohly and Slade, 2005; Radwan et al, 2008; Turner et al, 1980). CB 1 is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%