I would first and foremost like to thank my supervisor, Assistant Professor Fan Zheng, for his guidance and invaluable discussions. Our weekly meetings have always been insightful, and of all his qualities that I hope to emulate, the two that stand out the most would be his patience and kindness. This thesis would not have been possible without him.Special mentions go out to my peers and seniors in the NDT group at Nanyang Technological University of Singapore (NTU). My utmost appreciation in particular to Dr Yu Xudong, Dr Zuo Peng and Captain Danylo Liesevych. They have helped explain fundamental theory of Guided Wave during my first year and have always made themselves available to orientate me to new equipment or methods of simulation. Their friendship will always be cherished greatly. I would also like to thank Dr Chen Jian, for introducing me to COMSOL and for teaching me methods of modelling PZTs, and Dr Rao Jing for providing reconstruction of defects from our on-site inspections at Jurong Island. This Ph.D would not have been possible without the support from my industry sponsor, Lloyd's Register (LR) and the Economic Development Board of Singapore (EDB). My sincere gratitude to Dr Vynx Lim, the Lead Pipeline Specialist from LR, who has been a haven for discussions on pipelines, whose encouragement and advice have been invaluable and whose experience in the industry is something I hope to attain in my lifetime.Special thanks to the Energy Market Authority of Singapore (EMA) for providing the grant for doing the research on gas pipeline monitoring and SembCorp Gas Ltd for opening their doors to the team from NTU for the monthly on-site inspections.V Finally, and most importantly of all, I would like to thank my parents, Mr. Hamzah Caffoor and Mdm Mariam Homod, for their support and encouragement throughout my Ph.D. I would be remised not to mention my Parents-in-law, Mr. Farid Khan and Mdm.Naeemah Diab, who have supported our little family during the final lap in the Ph.D as well. I am forever indebted to their love and support.To my best friend and wife, Raeesah Khan, my son, Raees Khan Caffoor, and my daughter, Ayla Khan Caffoor, I dedicate this thesis. It will always be us against the world. Love you guys.
VI
ContentsCONTENTS.