Constant current: A method for obtaining hysteresis loops in ferroelectric materials

Giacometti, J.A.; Wisniewski, Célio; Moura, W.A.; Ribeiro, Paulo A.

doi:10.1063/1.1149830

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…[18][19][20][21] The most common one is the classical Sawyer-Tower circuit 18 where the ferroelectric hysteresis loop ͑polarization P versus applied field E app ͒ is usually monitored with an oscilloscope. A reference capacitor C s in series to the ferroelectric capacitor under test is used to measure the charge on that ferroelectric capacitor Q m ͑Q m ϳ P͒.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferroelectric characterization of nondensified particle-based structures

Lehnert

Adam

Veith

2009

Journal of Applied Physics

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferroelectric characterization of nondensified particle-based structures

Lehnert

Adam

Veith

2009

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…Over the past few decades, various methods for obtaining the electrical polarization loops of capacitors have been presented. [1][2][3][4][5] The most often quoted method of hysteresis measurement is based mainly on the Sawyer-Tower method (STM), 1) which utilizes a sensing capacitor connected in series with the sample that collects the integrated current to determine the polarization charge. In the virtual ground method (VGM), 2) a technique of charge measurement, which converts current to charge, has recently changed from utilizing a large sensing capacitor to utilizing a virtualground operational-amplifier as a current-to-voltage converter with an integrating capacitor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, Giacometti et al proposed a CC method for obtaining the hysteresis loops of ferroelectric materials. 4,5) In this method, a constant charging current source is applied to a thick ferroelectric film (approximately 12 mm thick), to measure the corresponding voltage, which is almost noiseless.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triangular Current: Method for Measuring Hysteresis Loops of Ferroelectric Capacitors

Wang¹,

Chang²

2004

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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In this paper, we present a triangular current (TC) method for measuring the hysteresis loops of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 capacitors prepared on Pt/Ta/SiO2/Si substrates. Like the constant current (CC) method, this method is a current source mode method for obtaining hysteresis loops. By applying a triangular charging current to a specimen, a measured voltage profile, which is almost noiseless and smooth in the high-field region, is obtained and its hysteresis curve can be determined using integral calculus to convert the charging current to charge. Under various charging conditions, the similarity of the obtained hysteresis curves implies that the step charging current and number of steps do not affect the measured results. Moreover, the parasitic effect of the probe setup is found to possibly increase the maximum polarization of the ferroelectric capacitor as the area of the capacitor is reduced. The TC method can be utilized to determine the parasitic capacitance of the probe setup and then can easily determine the corrected hysteresis loops of small capacitors. These findings reveal that the TC method constitutes a new method for measuring the hysteresis loops of ferroelectric capacitors.

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“…More recently, Giacometti and co-workers 12 proposed another method to measure P S where the compensation of the sample's conductivity and permittivity is done by numerical corrections of the measured v(t). ͑4͒ presents a simple exponential decay behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral analysis: A new method to measure the spontaneous polarization of ferroelectric liquid crystals

Martins

Neto

2000

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A dielectric mode in electroclinic liquid crystalsA new method to measure the spontaneous polarization density P S of ferroelectric liquid crystals as a function of the temperature is described. It is based on the spectral decomposition of the polarization and measurement of the different temporal harmonics using a lock-in amplifier. It is particularly adapted to measure small values of P S in regions where different nonlinear process compete. This condition is fulfilled at temperatures around the SmC*-SmA transition temperature in liquid crystals. The method has a quantitative procedure to evaluate the saturation state of the sample's polarization at a given applied electric field. It overcomes the difficulty of the subjective evaluation of the hysteresis loop present in the usual methods. The accuracy in the measurement of P S of the ZLI-3654 ferroelectric liquid crystal in the region of about 0.5 nC/cm 2 is approximately one order of magnitude larger than that obtained with conventional hysteresis loop methods.

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Constant current: A method for obtaining hysteresis loops in ferroelectric materials

Cited by 19 publications

References 10 publications

Ferroelectric characterization of nondensified particle-based structures

Ferroelectric characterization of nondensified particle-based structures

Triangular Current: Method for Measuring Hysteresis Loops of Ferroelectric Capacitors

Spectral analysis: A new method to measure the spontaneous polarization of ferroelectric liquid crystals

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