Constant and cyclic chronic heat stress models differentially influence growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of broilers

Teyssier, Jean-Rémi; Preynat, Aurélie; Cozannet, P.; Briens, Mickaël; Mauromoustakos, Andy; Greene, Elizabeth S.; Owens, Casey M.; Dridi, Sami; Rochell, S.J.

doi:10.1016/j.psj.2022.101963

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Heat stress is understood to result in diminished growth performance in broilers [14]. Previous literature shows that decreases in WB incidence in heat-stressed birds is related to a reduction in growth performance and breast yield [29,30]. Based on the results of the present study, increasing additions of dietary choline may counteract the impacts of heat stress on growth performance, specifically reduced feed intake and poor feed efficiency.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Evaluation of Increasing Concentrations of Supplemental Choline Chloride on Modern Broiler Chicken Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics

Gregg

Hutson

Flees

et al. 2023

Animals

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Choline has been demonstrated to partially substitute methionine in broiler chicken diets due to their interconnected biosynthesis pathways. Yet, research on the impacts of dietary choline supplementation on modern strains of high-yielding broilers is limited. The objective was to evaluate the effect of increasing additions of choline chloride on the performance and carcass characteristics of broilers fed reduced methionine diets and reared under summer environmental conditions. Ross 708 x Yield Plus male broilers were reared for 41 days on used litter in floor pens (n = 2232; 31 birds per pen). Birds were fed one of six corn and soybean meal-based, reduced methionine diets containing 0, 400, 800, 1200, 1600, or 2000 mg of added choline chloride per kg of feed. Diets were provided in three phases. On day 43, 10 birds per pen were processed. Increasing dietary choline resulted in similar body weight gain, reduced feed intake, and improved feed efficiency. Choline chloride supplementation linearly increased both breast and carcass yields while concomitantly increasing the incidence and severity of wooden-breast-affected fillets. These results indicate that supplementing reduced-methionine broiler diets with choline chloride during high environmental temperatures may improve feed efficiency and increase carcass and breast yields but may also increase wooden breast.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Evaluation of Increasing Concentrations of Supplemental Choline Chloride on Modern Broiler Chicken Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics

Gregg

Hutson

Flees

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…However, more recent studies have employed cyclic HS models combining higher temperatures during the day and lower temperatures during the night which may better simulate field conditions in temperate areas of the world ( De Souza et al, 2016 ; Flees et al, 2017 ; Greene et al, 2021 ). When compared within the same experiment, cyclic HS decreased FI by 15% on average, while constant HS resulted in higher reductions ranging from 25% to 45% ( De Souza et al, 2016 ; Awad et al, 2018 ; Teyssier et al, 2022 ). Therefore, cyclic HS resulted in a 1.5% reduction in FI per degree Celsius, while the values obtained under constant HS corroborate the expected response proposed by Baziz et al (1996) of about a 3.5% reduction in FI per degree Celsius increase between 22°C and 35°C.…”

Section: Impact Of Heat Stress On Feed Intake Regulation and Nutrient...mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Interestingly, the reduction of growth observed under HS is greater than expected due to the reduced FI alone, leading to a lower feed efficiency ( Renaudeau et al, 2012 ). The use of pair-feeding techniques, where birds under thermoneutral conditions are fed the same amount of feed consumed by heat-stressed birds, have shown that the reduction in growth due to decreased FI ranges between 60% and 99% ( Geraert et al, 1996 ; Bonnet et al, 1997 ; Garriga et al, 2006 ; Lu et al, 2007 ; Zuo et al, 2015 ; De Souza et al, 2016 ; Zeferino et al, 2016 ; De Antonio et al, 2017 ; Emami et al, 2021 ; Ma et al, 2021 ; Teyssier et al, 2022 ). Therefore, the lower FI is the main factor explaining impaired performance of chickens observed under HS, with the remainder of the growth reduction attributable to impaired digestibility or physiological and metabolic changes that influence feed efficiency ( Dale and Fuller, 1980 ; Geraert et al, 1996 ; Renaudeau et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Impact Of Heat Stress On Feed Intake Regulation and Nutrient...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of heat stress in chickens. Part II: Insights into protein and energy utilization and feeding

et al. 2022

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With the growing global demand for animal protein and rising temperatures caused by climate change, heat stress (HS) is one of the main emerging environmental challenges for the poultry industry. Commercially-reared birds are particularly sensitive to hot temperatures, so adopting production systems that mitigate the adverse effects of HS on bird performance is essential and requires a holistic approach. Feeding and nutrition can play important roles in limiting the heat load on birds; therefore, this review aims to describe the effects of HS on feed intake (FI) and nutrient digestibility and to highlight feeding strategies and nutritional solutions to potentially mitigate some of the deleterious effects of HS on broiler chickens. The reduction of FI is one of the main behavioral changes induced by hot temperatures as birds attempt to limit heat production associated with the digestion, absorption, and metabolism of nutrients. Although the intensity and length of the heat period influences the type and magnitude of responses, reduced FI explains most of the performance degradation observed in HS broilers, while reduced nutrient digestibility appears to only explain a small proportion of impaired feed efficiency following HS. Targeted feeding strategies, including feed restriction and withdrawal, dual feeding, and wet feeding, have showed some promising results under hot temperatures, but these can be difficult to implement in intensive rearing systems. Concerning diet composition, feeding increased nutrient and energy diets can potentially compensate for decreased FI during HS. Indeed, high energy and high crude protein diets have both been shown to improve bird performance under HS conditions. Specifically, positive results may be obtained with increased added fat concentrations since lipids have a lower thermogenic effect compared to proteins and carbohydrates. Moreover, increased supplementation of some essential amino acids can help support increased amino acid requirements for maintenance functions caused by HS. Further research to better characterize and advance these nutritional strategies will help establish economically viable solutions to enhance productivity, health, welfare, and meat quality of broilers facing HS.

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“…Reduced performance of heat-stressed chickens have traditionally been attributed to reduced feed intake ( Dale and Fuller, 1980 ; Teeter et al, 1985 ). However, pair-feeding models—adopted to minimize the confounding effects of dissimilar feed consumption between birds under thermoneutral conditions and their heat-stressed counterparts—revealed that up to 40% of body weight gain loss of broilers subjected to HS are unrelated to anorexia ( Dale and Fuller, 1980 ; Geraert et al, 1996a ; Ain Baziz et al, 1996 ; Lu et al, 2007 ; Zuo et al, 2015 ; Lu et al, 2018 ; Teyssier et al, 2022b ). Readers are referred to Part II of this review series for more information on the effects of HS on feed intake ( Teyssier et al, 2022a ).…”

Section: Heat Stress Effects On Physiology Of Chickensmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of heat stress in chickens. Part I: Insights into physiology and gut health

et al. 2022

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Heat stress (HS) compromises the yield and quality of poultry products and endangers the sustainability of the poultry industry. Despite being homeothermic, chickens, especially fast-growing broiler lines, are particularly sensitive to HS due to the phylogenetic absence of sweat glands, along with the artificial selection-caused increase in metabolic rates and limited development of cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Clinical signs and consequences of HS are multifaceted and include alterations in behavior (e.g., lethargy, decreased feed intake, and panting), metabolism (e.g., catabolic state, fat accumulation, and reduced skeletal muscle accretion), general homeostasis (e.g., alkalosis, hormonal imbalance, immunodeficiency, inflammation, and oxidative stress), and gastrointestinal tract function (e.g., digestive and absorptive disorders, enteritis, paracellular barrier failure, and dysbiosis). Poultry scientists and companies have made great efforts to develop effective solutions to counteract the detrimental effects of HS on health and performance of chickens. Feeding and nutrition have been shown to play a key role in combating HS in chicken husbandry. Nutritional strategies that enhance protein and energy utilization as well as dietary interventions intended to restore intestinal eubiosis are of increasing interest because of the marked effects of HS on feed intake, nutrient metabolism, and gut health. Hence, the present review series, divided into Part I and Part II, seeks to synthesize information on the effects of HS on physiology, gut health, and performance of chickens, with emphasis on potential solutions adopted in broiler chicken nutrition to alleviate these effects. Part I provides introductory knowledge on HS physiology to make good use of the nutritional themes covered by Part II.

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Constant and cyclic chronic heat stress models differentially influence growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of broilers

Cited by 15 publications

References 42 publications

Evaluation of Increasing Concentrations of Supplemental Choline Chloride on Modern Broiler Chicken Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics

Evaluation of Increasing Concentrations of Supplemental Choline Chloride on Modern Broiler Chicken Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics

A review of heat stress in chickens. Part II: Insights into protein and energy utilization and feeding

A review of heat stress in chickens. Part I: Insights into physiology and gut health

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