CONSTANS is a photoperiod regulated activator of flowering in sorghum

Yang, Shanshan; Weers, Brock; Morishige, Daryl T.; Mullet, John E.

doi:10.1186/1471-2229-14-148

Cited by 99 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In Arabidopsis, rice, and sorghum, the role of PRR7/PRR37 (PPD1 homologs) in FT expression is mediated through the circadian timing of expression of CONSTANS (CO, named Hd1 in rice), and also potentially by directly affecting FT activity (Yano et al 2000;Song et al 2010;Murphy et al 2011;Campoli et al 2012;Faure et al 2012;Yang et al 2014). …”

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confidence: 99%

PHYTOCHROME C Is an Essential Light Receptor for Photoperiodic Flowering in the Temperate Grass, Brachypodium distachyon

et al. 2014

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We show that in the temperate grass, Brachypodium distachyon, PHYTOCHROME C (PHYC), is necessary for photoperiodic flowering. In loss-of-function phyC mutants, flowering is extremely delayed in inductive photoperiods. PHYC was identified as the causative locus by utilizing a mapping by sequencing pipeline (Cloudmap) optimized for identification of induced mutations in Brachypodium. In phyC mutants the expression of Brachypodium homologs of key flowering time genes in the photoperiod pathway such as GIGANTEA (GI), PHOTOPERIOD 1 (PPD1/PRR37), CONSTANS (CO), and florigen/FT are greatly attenuated. PHYC also controls the day-length dependence of leaf size as the effect of day length on leaf size is abolished in phyC mutants. The control of genes upstream of florigen production by PHYC was likely to have been a key feature of the evolution of a long-day flowering response in temperate pooid grasses.

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confidence: 99%

PHYTOCHROME C Is an Essential Light Receptor for Photoperiodic Flowering in the Temperate Grass, Brachypodium distachyon

et al. 2014

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“…SbCO is a homolog of the floral activator CO in Arabidopsis and an ortholog of Hd1 in rice. It promotes early flowering in both LD and SD conditions, and increases the expression of SbEhd1, SbCN8, SbCN12 and SbCN15 [16]. Genetic analyses and expression studies in sorghum reveal that SbCO shares a conserved CCT-domain with TOC1, PSEUDORESPONSE REGULATOR PROTEIN 37 (PRR37), Ghd7 and HEME ACTIVATOR PROTEINS (HAP).…”

Section: C4 Grassesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SbPRR37 (Ma 1 ) and Ghd7 (Ma 6 ) inhibit flowering, reducing the expression of SbEhd1 and SbCN8/12 (florigens) under LD conditions, but not in SD (Figure 1). The ability of SbPRR37 to inhibit their expression could be due to inhibition of SbEhd1 or SbCO, activators of SbCN8 and SbCN12 expression [14,16]. The PhyB regulation of SbCN15 expression may modify flowering time in a photoperiod-insensitive manner [46] ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Grassesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rice involves at least two flowering pathways that control the expression of the florigens: Hd1 that is conserved in rice and Arabidopsis, and Early heading date 1(Ehd1), without an ortholog in Arabidopsis [39,40] (Figure 1). Moreover, Grain Number, Plant Height, and Heading Date7 (Ghd7) is unique in grasses [16]. Ehd1 is a B-type response regulator that induces the expression of Hd3a in rice, conferring SD promotion of flowering in the absence of a functional allele of Hd1.…”

Section: Arabidopsis and Ricementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consideration of flowering time is an important strategy in the cultivation of grain crops in northern latitudes. Early flowering is useful in regions where growing seasons are short to enhance grain yield stability by avoiding drought or adverse temperatures [14][15][16]. Flowering time is also a major determinant of biomass yield in perennial C 4 bioenergy crops, because delayed flowering time allows an extended period of vegetative growth and produces more biomass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Molecular Regulation of Flowering Time in Grasses

Nuñez

Yamada

2017

Agronomy

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Flowering time is a key target trait for extending the vegetative phase to increase biomass in bioenergy crops such as perennial C 4 grasses. Molecular genetic studies allow the identification of genes involved in the control of flowering in different species. Some regulatory factors of the Arabidopsis pathway are conserved in other plant species such as grasses. However, differences in the function of particular genes confer specific responses to flowering. One of the major pathways is photoperiod regulation, based on the interaction of the circadian clock and environmental light signals.Depending on their requirements for day-length plants can be classified as long-day (LD), short-day (SD), and day-neutral. The CONSTANS (CO) and Heading Date 1 (Hd1), orthologos genes, are central regulators in the flowering of Arabidopsis and rice, LD and SD plants, respectively. Additionally, Early heading date 1 (Ehd1) induces the expression of Heading date 3a (Hd3a), conferring SD promotion and controls Rice Flowering Locus T 1 (RFT1) in LD conditions, independently of Hd1. Nevertheless, the mechanisms promoting flowering in perennial bioenergy crops are poorly understood. Recent progress on the regulatory network of important gramineous crops and components involved in flowering control will be discussed.

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Sweet sorghum ideotypes: genetic improvement of the biofuel syndrome

Anami

Zhang

Xia

et al. 2015

Food and Energy Security

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Compared to other potential feedstocks such as sugarcane, sugar beet, maize, and watermelon, sweet sorghum possesses higher levels of directly fermentable reducing sugars within the culm and the ability to accumulate high biomass under low-input production systems. In addition, it is tolerant to drought and has more efficient utilization of solar radiation and nitrogen-based fertilizers than maize and sugar cane on marginal lands that are not optimal for food production. These collectively make sweet sorghum to be considered with huge potential as a biofuel crop. Novel phenotypes generated during plant domestication and continued crop improvements via artificial selection constitute the domestication syndrome (Am. J. Bot., 101, 2014, 1711). Here, we draw an analogy and introduce the term the biofuel syndrome to refer to a suite of sweet sorghum traits, such as plant architecture (root, leave, and stem), flowering time and maturity as well as biomass bioconversion efficiency, that are associated with biofuel production and distinguish it from grain and forage sorghum traits. We discuss the biofuel syndrome amenable for targeted genetic modulation and what is currently known about the genetics and genomics of these traits as a potential route to optimize sweet sorghum for biofuel production. Continuous availability of sweet sorghum, transport and storing much mass and minimizing the postharvest loss of fermentable sugars are fundamental to exploiting sweet sorghum as a bioenergy crop. Due to the relatively short history of sweet sorghum breeding, we consider the development of ideotypes adapting to various phenological requirements to maximize the rapid deployment of sweet sorghum for biofuel production.

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CONSTANS is a photoperiod regulated activator of flowering in sorghum

Cited by 99 publications

References 51 publications

PHYTOCHROME C Is an Essential Light Receptor for Photoperiodic Flowering in the Temperate Grass, Brachypodium distachyon

PHYTOCHROME C Is an Essential Light Receptor for Photoperiodic Flowering in the Temperate Grass, Brachypodium distachyon

Molecular Regulation of Flowering Time in Grasses

Sweet sorghum ideotypes: genetic improvement of the biofuel syndrome

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