Conspicuous multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis cluster strains do not trespass country borders in Latin America and Spain

Tuberculosis in a southern Brazilian prison

“…The Mtb strains of the Beijing family have contributed largely to the global spread of TB (Parwati et al 2010). However, Beijing strains were not observed in our specific population, which is in accordance with other South American studies, including Brazil (Dalla Costa et al 2009, Ritacco et al 2011; spoligotyping can be useful for identifying this possibility at an early stage.…”

“…The family LAM, which was found in 40% of isolates, is common in Africa, Central America, Europe and South America and represents 80% of all isolates in the Brazilian SpolDB4 ( Dalla Costa et al 2009, Ritacco et al 2011, Perizzolo et al 2012. The Mtb strains of the Beijing family have contributed largely to the global spread of TB (Parwati et al 2010).…”

IS6110 the Double-Edged Passenger

“…In Ukraine, where increase of TB cases is maintained, the number of drug-resistant isolates was reported to be growing steadily, and transmission of drug-resistant isolates seems to contribute to the spread of resistant TB (Dymova et al, 2011). The MDR-TB genotyping databases allow the comparison of M. tuberculosis strains to improve the application of appropriate public health actions at a national level and, ideally, it should be extended across country borders (Bifani et al, 2001;Gavin et al, 2011;Ritacco et al, 2011).…”

Presencia del genotipo Beijing entre cepas del complejo Mycobacterium tuberculosis en dos centros de salud de la Región Metropolitana-Chile

“…El genotipo Haarlem (H), descrito en el año 1999 4 en pacientes nederlandeses, es prevalente en los Países Bajos y el norte de África donde ha causado brotes de tuberculosis multi-resistente. El genotipo Latino América-Mediterráneo (LAM), el prevalente en Latinoamérica y España, sugiriendo orígenes comunes relacionado a la colonización hispana 1,5,6 . El genotipo T, mal definido y localizado en países de varios continentes como Etiopía, Rusia, Madrid y Europa Central 1 .…”

“…En el año 2008 y posteriormente en el año 2012, Ritacco y cols., en Buenos Aires, Argentina, estudiaron cepas de América Latina, incluyendo 35 y 13 cepas de Chile, respectivamente. Estos estudios no caracterizaron la totalidad de los cepas y sólo se describe el genotipo LAM en una cepa, sin encontrar el genotipo Beijing 5,13 .…”