Conspecifics can be aliens too: A review of effects of restocking practices in vertebrates

Guillemain, Matthieu; Elmberg, Johan; Guillemain, Matthieu; Gauthier‐Clerc, Michel; Lebreton, Jean‐Dominique

doi:10.1016/j.jnc.2012.02.002

Cited by 134 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 130 publications

(161 reference statements)

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“…Translocation of wild and farmed individuals is an increasingly common procedure to support threatened populations (Champagnon et al 2012a). Besides conservation objectives, restocking viable populations to sustain or increase harvest has long been practiced in forestry, fisheries, and game management (Laikre et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides conservation objectives, restocking viable populations to sustain or increase harvest has long been practiced in forestry, fisheries, and game management (Laikre et al 2006). The potential risks associated with restocking of native species have been overshadowed by problems of translocating non-native species, especially invasive ones (Champagnon et al 2012a;Laikre et al 2010;McGinnity et al 2009). However, as pointed out by Champagnon et al (2012a), Bconspecifics can be aliens too,ŵ hich is to say that release of individuals of non-local provenance may lead to introgression that disrupts spatial genetic structure, alter local genetic diversity, and ultimately threaten local adaptations (Mank et al 2004;McGinnity et al 2003;Rhymer and Simberloff 1996;Sutherland et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The potential risks associated with restocking of native species have been overshadowed by problems of translocating non-native species, especially invasive ones (Champagnon et al 2012a;Laikre et al 2010;McGinnity et al 2009). However, as pointed out by Champagnon et al (2012a), Bconspecifics can be aliens too,ŵ hich is to say that release of individuals of non-local provenance may lead to introgression that disrupts spatial genetic structure, alter local genetic diversity, and ultimately threaten local adaptations (Mank et al 2004;McGinnity et al 2003;Rhymer and Simberloff 1996;Sutherland et al 2006). Hybridization between released farmed or escaped domestic individuals and their wild conspecifics is also a driver of biodiversity loss (Randi 2008;Sutherland et al 2006), posing risks in both conservation and restocking practices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Admixture between released and wild game birds: a changing genetic landscape in European mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

et al. 2017

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Disruption of naturally evolved spatial patterns of genetic variation and local adaptations is a growing concern in wildlife management and conservation. During the last decade, releases of native taxa with potentially non-native genotypes have received increased attention. This has mostly concerned conservation programs, but releases are also widely carried out to boost harvest opportunities. The mallard, Anas platyrhynchos, is one of few terrestrial migratory vertebrates subjected to large-scale releases for hunting purposes. It is the most numerous and widespread duck in the world, yet each year more than three million farmed mallard ducklings are released into the wild in the European Union alone to increase the harvestable population. This study aimed to determine the genetic effects of such large-scale releases of a native species, specifically if wild and released farmed mallards differ genetically among subpopulations in Europe, if there are signs of admixture between the two groups, if the genetic structure of the wild mallard population has changed since large-scale releases began in the 1970s, and if the current data matches global patterns across the Northern hemisphere. We used Bayesian clustering (STRUCTURE software) and Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) to analyze the genetic structure of historical and present-day wild (n = 171 and n = 209, respectively) as well as farmed (n = 211) mallards from six European countries as inferred by 360 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Both methods showed a clear genetic differentiation between wild and farmed mallards. Admixed individuals were found in the present-day wild population, implicating introgression of farmed genotypes into wild mallards despite low survival among released farmed mallards. Such cryptic introgression would alter the genetic composition of wild populations and may have unknown long-term consequences for conservation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Admixture between released and wild game birds: a changing genetic landscape in European mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

et al. 2017

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“…European populations of wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) have grown substantially in recent decades (Saezroyuela andTelleria 1986, Wirthner et al 2012) owing both to the ability of this species to adapt to different environments (Schley et al 2008), and to a combination of reintroduction for hunting purposes (Champagnon et al 2012), increasing tree mast frequency (Bieber and Ruf 2005), insufficient hunting pressure, and lack of predators (Barrios-Garcia and Ballari 2012). Wild boar activities impact crops, pastures and forests (BarriosGarcia and Ballari 2012) and cause direct economic damage by reducing agricultural incomes and transmitting diseases to humans and livestock (Barrios-Garcia and Ballari 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild boar rooting intensity determines shifts in understorey composition and functional traits

et al. 2015

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Abstract:In recent decades, the European populations of wild boar have grown substantially, as has the impact of this species, owing above all to its rooting activity. Our aim was to investigate the relationships between vascular plant understorey and wild boar rooting intensity. The questions we addressed are: does rooting intensity influence understorey species composition and diversity? Which functional traits are associated with different levels of rooting? We performed a comparative analysis of plant communities in areas with contrasting levels of rooting intensity within a Mediterranean deciduous lowland forest in central Italy. Besides comparing species composition and diversity, we tested the association between species traits and rooting levels through fourth-corner analysis. We found that contrasting levels of rooting were associated to different understorey species composition and evenness, while we observed no significant difference in species richness. In contrast with our expectations, sites with lower rooting returned i) lower evenness values and ii) a higher proportion of species characterized by traits related to resistance or response to herbivory, i.e., spinescence, clonality, endozoochory, underground storage organs, and low height values. Our findings suggest that current vegetation patterns partly depend on the legacy effect of past rooting disturbance, since the areas currently subjected to low rooting intensity were likely to be intensely rooted in the past. These areas may have developed a marked dominance of clonal thorny species that, in turn, inhibited further feeding activities by wild boar. Conti et al. (2005). Nomenclature for plants:

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“…Recent decreases in some game species populations have promoted the application of management practices such as the release of farm-reared animals, which often are theoretically aimed to reinforce populations (Champagnon et al 2012). However, the use of this management technique frequently affects only short-term harvest numbers (Sokos et al 2008;Díaz-Fernández et al 2012), and it has been indicated that the release of farm-reared animals has detrimental effects on wild populations through the spread of diseases or genetic pollution (Millán 2009;Barbanera et al 2010;Champagnon et al 2012). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are farm-reared red-legged partridge releases increasing hunting pressure on wild breeding partridges in central Spain?

et al. 2015

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Conspecifics can be aliens too: A review of effects of restocking practices in vertebrates

Cited by 134 publications

References 130 publications

Admixture between released and wild game birds: a changing genetic landscape in European mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

Admixture between released and wild game birds: a changing genetic landscape in European mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

Wild boar rooting intensity determines shifts in understorey composition and functional traits

Are farm-reared red-legged partridge releases increasing hunting pressure on wild breeding partridges in central Spain?

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