“…In the case of children implanted in the first two years of life, the population analyzed in the present article, the benefits are particularly positive, as confirmed by the large number of children who seem to catch up with their hearing peers after three or four years of implant use (see Geers et al, 2009). Some indications that development might be atypical are : early syllables which do not conform to the presumably universal consonant-vowel structure (Adi-Bensaid & Tubul-Lavy, 2009 ; see also Ertmer & Mellon, 2001;Gillis, Schauwers & Govaerts, 2002) ; segmental inaccuracy in the one-word period (Warner-Czyz & Davis, 2008 ;Warner-Czyz, Davis & MacNeilage, 2010 ;Ertmer & Goffman, 2011) ; and morphophonological errors early in grammatical development (e.g., Szagun, 2004 ;Moreno-Torres & Torres, 2008). As a group, the long-term outcomes are notably heterogeneous (e.g., Duchesne, Sutton & Bergeron, 2009), which seems to be associated with a combination of individual and environmental factors (e.g., Pisoni & Cleary, 2003 ;Le Normand, Parisse & Cohen, 2008 ;Geers et al, 2009).…”