Consolidation theory and retrograde amnesia in humans

Brown, Alan S.

doi:10.3758/bf03196300

Cited by 40 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 175 publications

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“…Notably, while our data suggest hippocampal disengagement from the face-location representations over time (to a similar extent in the rule and no-rule conditions), various studies suggest full hippocampal disengagement from episodic memories develops over weeks or longer (Brown, 2002;Maren et al, 1997;Squire et al, 1975;Talamini and Gorree, 2012). Thus, our findings may reflect partial rather than full hippocampal disengagement.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Neural mechanisms supporting the extraction of general knowledge across episodic memories

et al. 2014

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oGeneral knowledge acquisition entails the extraction of statistical regularities from the environment. At high levels of complexity, this may involve the extraction, and consolidation, of associative regularities across event memories. The underlying neural mechanisms would likely involve a hippocampo-neocortical dialog, as proposed previously for system-level consolidation. To test these hypotheses, we assessed possible differences in consolidation between associative memories containing cross-episodic regularities and unique associative memories. Subjects learned face-location associations, half of which responded to complex regularities regarding the combination of facial features and locations, whereas the other half did not. Importantly, regularities could only be extracted over hippocampus-encoded, associative aspects of the items. Memory was assessed both immediately after encoding and 48 h later, under fMRI acquisition. Our results suggest that processes related to system-level reorganization occur preferentially for regular associations across episodes. Moreover, the buildup of general knowledge regarding regular associations appears to involve the coordinated activity of the hippocampus and mediofrontal regions. The putative cross-talk between these two regions might support a mechanism for regularity extraction. These findings suggest that the consolidation of cross-episodic regularities may be a key mechanism underlying general knowledge acquisition.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Neural mechanisms supporting the extraction of general knowledge across episodic memories

et al. 2014

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“…Here, no gradient could be established within the NVT, though one was found in episodic retrograde amnesia. The inconsistent findings are in line with the literature, as gradients are sometimes found in patients with Alzheimer's disease (Beatty & Salmon, 1991;Beatty et al, 1988;Brown, 2002;Kopelman et al, 1989;Moscovitch, 1982), and sometimes not (Leplow et al, 1997;Thompson et al, 2002;Wilson et al, 1981). It should be noted that the periods tested in the NVT all fall between the 'recent' period on the AMI and the other two periods.…”

Section: A Gradient In Retrograde Amnesiasupporting

confidence: 81%

“…This law results in a temporal gradient, referred to as the Ribot gradient, in which patients show great deficits on test items measuring memory for recent memories, and smaller ones on items measuring remote memories. Such a Ribot gradient has also been found in patients with Alzheimer's disease, although it tends to be shallower than that in other groups and is not found consistently (Beatty et al, 1988;Brown, 2002;Deweer et al, 2001;Kopelman et al, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Retrograde amnesia for semantic information in Alzheimer's disease

Meeter

Kollen²,

Scheltens

2005

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and normal controls were tested on a retrograde amnesia test with semantic content (Neologism and Vocabulary Test, or NVT), consisting of neologisms to be defined. Patients showed a decrement as compared to normal controls, pointing to retrograde amnesia within semantic memory. No evidence for a gradient within this amnesia was found, although one was present on an autobiographic test of retrograde amnesia that had a wider time scale. Several explanations for these results are presented, including one that suggests that extended retrograde amnesia and semantic memory deficits are in fact one and the same deficit. (JINS, 2005, 11, 40-48.)

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“…This approach has been shown to be sensitive to temporal gradients (Brown, 2002). To examine the integrity of remote memory across epochs while ameliorating floor effects that might obscure subtle differences (Beatty, Salmon, et al, 1988), we also divided the number of correct responses within each life epoch by the total number of correct responses across all epochs.…”

Section: Scoring and Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrograde Amnesia in Dementia: Comparison of HIV-Associated Dementia, Alzheimer's Disease, and Huntington's Disease.

et al. 2004

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Remote memory was assessed in persons with HIV-associated dementia (HIV-D), probable Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Huntington's disease (HD) and in healthy controls. The clinical groups were similar in overall dementia severity. Each clinical group exhibited impairments on remote memory tests relative to controls; however, temporally graded memory loss with selective preservation of older information was observed in the AD group but not the HD or HIV-D group. Analysis of cued retrieval indicated a preferential cuing benefit for the HIV-D and HD groups relative to the AD group. The similar pattern of remote memory performance demonstrated by the HIV-D and HD groups is a novel finding and suggests a subcortically mediated retrograde amnesia in HIV-D. The temporally graded pattern and the abnormal cued retrieval performance in the AD group are consistent with a consolidation deficit associated with extrahippocampal (cortical) and hippocampal damage.HIV is known to cause disorders of the central nervous system that may lead to cognitive impairment and, in a minority of cases, dementia (American Academy of Neurology AIDS Task Force, 1991;Grant & Martin, 1994). HIV-associated dementia (HIV-D) occurs in 7% to 14% of patients with AIDS (Grant & Martin, 1994). The clinical neuropsychological profile of persons infected with HIV, whether they exhibit dementia or minor cognitivemotor disorder (American Academy of Neurology AIDS Task Force, 1991), includes impairments in attention-working memory (

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Consolidation theory and retrograde amnesia in humans

Cited by 40 publications

References 175 publications

Neural mechanisms supporting the extraction of general knowledge across episodic memories

Neural mechanisms supporting the extraction of general knowledge across episodic memories

Retrograde amnesia for semantic information in Alzheimer's disease

Retrograde Amnesia in Dementia: Comparison of HIV-Associated Dementia, Alzheimer's Disease, and Huntington's Disease.

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