Consolidation phenomena in laser and powder-bed based layered manufacturing

Kruth, Jean‐Pierre; Levy, Gideon; Klocke, Fritz; Childs, T.H.C.

doi:10.1016/j.cirp.2007.10.004

Cited by 1,208 publications

(650 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…The super-cooling window is the LS processing window defined based on the Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) thermoscan of the powder under test [13], largely used in the LS community [14][15][16][17]. This window is defined as the temperature gap between the onset of the melting event and the onset of the crystallisation event.…”

Section: Super-cooling Windowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting processing parameters in high temperature laser sintering (HT-LS) from powder properties

2016

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New materials for Laser Sintering (LS) are usually developed using a trial and-error approach that consists of a series of builds within LS systems. This strategy is time consuming, costly and focuses only on the optimisation of the processing parameters, ignoring the powder properties of the materials under examination. Being able to predict processing parameters on the basis of the powder material properties would enable a faster development of new materials and new applications, while acknowledging a more in-depth understanding of the mechanisms involved in LS. This paper provides new results into the prediction of processing conditions from the material properties. It is here shown that high temperature polymers such as Poly Ether Ether Ketone (PEEK) and Poly Aryl Ether Ketone (PEK) can be successfully used in LS despite the lack of a super-cooling window. The evaluation of the stable sintering region of PEEK 450PF and the application the energy melt ratio parameter in relation to the mechanical performance of laser sintered PEEK samples are also provided. Lastly, a new method for estimating the powder bed temperature is proposed.

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Section: Super-cooling Windowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting processing parameters in high temperature laser sintering (HT-LS) from powder properties

2016

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“…Test specimens were fabricated using the SLM Realizer II (MCP-HEK) machine with the following parameters: laser power 400 W, scanning speed 1000 mm/s, scanning time of one point 60 ls, distance between scanning points 60 lm, layer thickness 50 lm, distance between scanning lines 100 lm and energy density 80 J/mm 3 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the SLM process, thin metallic powder layers (50-100 lm) are spread out on a building platform and subsequently fully melted and consolidated by a scanning laser beam. Building objects layer by layer allows 3D metal parts to be obtained [1][2][3][4]. SLM offers several advantages over the conventional manufacturing techniques such as reduction in processing steps, high material utilization and a near-net shape production of the geometrically complex shapes with a minimal machining [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot Corrosion of Ti–Re Alloys Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

et al. 2017

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Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing process that enables novel alloy production by combining metals with significantly different physical properties. In this paper, the hot corrosion behavior of Ti-Re alloys fabricated by SLM was studied in a mixture of Na 2 SO 4 and NaCl salts at 600°C. The morphology and composition of the corrosion products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction to understand the degradation mechanisms. It has been shown that the hot corrosion resistance of Ti-Re alloys was influenced by the chemical inhomogeneity of the oxide scale resulting from the presence of rhenium particles undissolved during the SLM process.

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“…In this process, the component which has lower melting temperature fuses and makes an adjoin between metal powders [19,20]. It is strongly emphasized that the accuracy of a part depends on careful selection of process parameters and unsuitable selection of process parameters will lead to part distortion, balling phenomena and dross formation [1,3,18,21,22]. The effective parameters of laser sintering can be divided into three general categories: process parameters, material parameters and environmental parameters [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of laser-assisted powder bed fusion of Fe-Cu powder mixture

Fatemi

Ashani

2017

Prog Addit Manuf

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Powder bed fusion is an additive manufacturing method which allows production of complex parts, in a shorter time compared to the conventional fabrication methods. During the last 60 years, Fe-Cu powders were widely used because of their anti-friction behavior and superior mechanical properties. Therefore, Fe-Cu powder has been selected as the basic material for the powder bed fusion process. In the present study, laser-assisted powder bed fusion of Fe-Cu powder mixture has been studied experimentally. Nd:YAG laser with a maximum power of 75 W has been used to melt the powder. The effects of volume fraction of the Cu powder in the mixture and applied energy density on thickness, surface concavity and geometrical accuracy of manufactured parts have been investigated. Results show that higher values of energy density lead to lower geometrical accuracy, higher thickness and surface concavity.

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Consolidation phenomena in laser and powder-bed based layered manufacturing

Cited by 1,208 publications

References 128 publications

Predicting processing parameters in high temperature laser sintering (HT-LS) from powder properties

Predicting processing parameters in high temperature laser sintering (HT-LS) from powder properties

Hot Corrosion of Ti–Re Alloys Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

Experimental investigation of laser-assisted powder bed fusion of Fe-Cu powder mixture

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