Consolidation of the packing material in Chromatographic columns under dynamic axial compression II. Consolidation and breakage of several packing materials

Sarker, Matilal; Katti, Anita M.; Guiochon, Georges

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(95)00750-4

Cited by 48 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The importance of the compressibility of the packing materials under such mechanical stress has been recognized only recently. Guiochon and Sarker (1995) and Sarker et al (1996) showed that the packing density of axial compression columns depends to a large extent on the stress applied to the packing. The packing density under axial compression at an applied stress of 100 kg/cm2 is 25 to 30% higher than the density of the material in its original container (Guiochon and Sarker, 1995).…”

Section: Aiche Journalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of transverse and axial apparent dispersion coefficients in packed beds

et al. 1996

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Section: Aiche Journalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of transverse and axial apparent dispersion coefficients in packed beds

et al. 1996

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“…This result agrees with the common observation that column beds consolidate rapidly Ž under stress Guiochon et al, 1999;Guiochon and Sarker, . 1995;Sarker et al, 1996 . This means that the kinetics of the last one of the effects listed earlier, the expulsion of the mobile phase from the consolidated bed takes place rapidly in chromatography, faster than it is usually in soil mechanics because of the high porosity of the column bed and of its small dimensions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mechanics of column beds: I. Acquisition of the relevant parameters

2003

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The efficiency of chromatographic columns is ad®ersely affected by large-scale radial ®ariations of the packing density or ®oid ratio of the material used to prepare the bed. This heterogeneity is due to wall friction effects that take place during the preparation of the column and to seepage effects operating during the packing process and the subsequent operation of the column. The dependence of the bed's ®oid fraction on the stress applied during its consolidation was determined, as well as its permeability at ®arious stages of the consolidation process and the coefficient of friction between typical packing materials and the stainless steel wall of chromatographic columns. These results are required to de®elop and use numerical models of the ®olumetric response to axial compression of the bed and models of the coupled mechanical-seepage rheology of particulate materials.

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“…The development of mechanical strong packing media improves the media lifetime in compression systems by reducing or eliminating crushing wh i ch leads to higher pressure drop [15,16]. The understanding of the existence of an optimum particle size squared over bed length which maximizes the production rate and understanding that separations with lower retention factors at constant separation factor have a greater throughput are important steps in development of the chromatographic process for manufacturing purposes [17,18].…”

mentioning

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Development and optimization of industrial scale chromatography for use in manufacturing

Katti¹,

Jagland²

1998

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Early use of large scale low pressure chromatography came from developments in Manhattan Project and the fractionation of petroleum distillates and the separation of sugars [2][3][4]. The development of high performance p rocess ch ro m at ograp hy for industrial or manu fa c t u ri n g applications has steadily evolved over the last 10 years. The growth of the pharmaceutical industry and the need to develop and manufacture high purity bulk pharmaceutical products created a demand for the use of chromatography as a manufacturing unit operation [5][6][7][8]. The commercialization of large scale integrated equipment with pumps, c o l u m n s and detectors and improved packing media, has provided an ava i l able supply of hardwa re to meet the demand [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Recently, the entry of many new manufacturers of columns, packing media, industrial detectors and automation software i n c reased the selection of ch ro m at ograp hy equipment. However, this also requires a greater understanding of the issues surrounding making choices of equipment and packing media.The developments in the science of chromatography have brought to the literature many technical issues which could be used to improve the economics of chromatography as a unit operation. The development of mechanical strong packing media improves the media lifetime in compression systems by reducing or eliminating crushing wh i ch leads to higher pressure drop [15,16]. The understanding of the existence of an optimum particle size squared over bed length which maximizes the production rate and understanding that separations with lower retention factors at constant separation factor have a greater throughput are important steps in development of the chromatographic process for manufacturing purposes [17,18]. Rules of thumb have been described to calculate the optimum value of d p 2 /L [19]. Methods have been developed for packing high efficiency axial compression columns [20][21][22]. Many advances have been made in understanding the science behind optimizing the operating conditions in isocratic elution, gradient elution and displacement chromatography [23][24][25][26]. The negative impact of large tubing volumes which degrade the separation have also been investigated [27]. Assessment of the economic factors for chromatographic unit operations have also been brought forward. For example, the identification of solvent costs as a large fraction of the total operating costs has brought on the development of recycle methodologies and further economic considerations regarding the choice of mobile phase [28,29].The discovery, development and use of chromatographic p rocesses for manu fa c t u ring invo l ve taking into account nu m e rous issues. The discove ry stage typically invo l ve s selection of a mobile phase and stat i o n a ry phase system which meets a minimum performance requirement for the unit operation and for the process. The selection of a chromatographic solvent system typically takes into consideration compatibility with the previous ...

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Consolidation of the packing material in Chromatographic columns under dynamic axial compression II. Consolidation and breakage of several packing materials

Cited by 48 publications

References 6 publications

Measurement of transverse and axial apparent dispersion coefficients in packed beds

Measurement of transverse and axial apparent dispersion coefficients in packed beds

Mechanics of column beds: I. Acquisition of the relevant parameters

Development and optimization of industrial scale chromatography for use in manufacturing

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